Growth and physiological responses of Chinese cabbage and radish to long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature

Abstract

Future forecasts for climate change predict the global mean surface air temperature rise by 1 -4 and double current atmospheric CO2 level before the end of 21 century. Increased atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration are particularly important concerns for agricultural, horticultural and native plant production. In this study, effects of long-term exposure to elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the growth and physiological responses of 3 cultivars of Chinese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and 3 cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) were examined. In result, the radishes exposed to elevated CO2 for 90 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in little or no change in the root dry weights and the rate of photosynthesis compared with those grown in ambient levels of CO2. In contrast, long-term exposure to elevated CO2 in cabbage had variable effects on the leaf dry weight. As a result of acclimating to the elevated temperature, the radish 'Chunha' had a higher rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration than in the control condition. Furthermore, the long-term exposure to a combination condition of elevated temperature and CO2 increased root dry weights of the radishes 'Cheongdae' and 'Chunha' more than elevated temperature alone. The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature stimulated the growth of roots more than that of shoots in the radish 'Chunha', and thus may have led a higher rate of nutrient uptake than other radish cultivars. In contrast, when the cabbage 'Chun-gwang' was exposed to a combination of elevated temperature and CO2 for 90 DAS, the leaf dry weight decreased about 3-fold more than that only exposed to elevated CO2 with drastic decreases in stomatal conductance, internal CO2 and photosynthesis rate. When the cabbage 'Samjin' was exposed to either elevated temperature alone or both elevated temperature and CO2 for 80 DAS, the decrease in the leaf dry weight was less than that of the other cabbage cultivars. Results indicated that the radish 'Chunha' and the cabbage 'Samjin' tolerated either elevated temperature alone or combination condition of elevated temperature and CO2 more than other cultivars.Additional key words: Brassica Campestris L., climate change, nutrient uptake rate, phytotron, Raphanus sativus L.

Impact of moderate and extreme climate change scenarios on growth, morphological features, photosynthesis, and fruit production of hot pepper

“…The FvCB model has been used in a wide range of physiological studies on crop plants, from estimating the underlying C3 leaf biochemistry to predicting the photosynthetic fluxes of ecosystems in response to climate change (Yin & Struik, ). Previous long‐term studies on Kimchi cabbage exposed to elevated CO 2 showed a greater influence on photosynthesis (Choi et al., ; Lee et al., ), decreasing the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and internal CO 2 concentration. Choi et al.…”

“…(Yin & Struik, 2009). Previous longterm studies on Kimchi cabbage exposed to elevated CO 2 showed a greater influence on photosynthesis (Choi et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2016), decreasing the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and internal CO 2 concentration. Choi et al (2011) suggested that this might occur because decreases in photosynthesis at elevated CO 2 concentrations are associated with a decreased demand for carbohydrates.…”

“…Choi et al. () suggested that this might occur because decreases in photosynthesis at elevated CO 2 concentrations are associated with a decreased demand for carbohydrates. The information from hot pepper using the An‐Ci curve might help to better understand these physiological responses in conditions where CO 2 concentration, light intensity, and air temperature can accurately be controlled.…”

“…In addition, the amount of irrigation has been found to be closely correlated with size and weight of hot pepper fruits (Hwang et al, 2010;Sezen et al, 2014;Smittle et al, 1994). Physiological response studies with increasing air temperature and CO 2 concentrations for cucumber (Taub, Seemann, & Coleman, 2000), radish, and Kimchi cabbage (Choi, Seo, Lee, Cho, & Stangoulis, 2011;Lee, Kim, Lee, Choi, & Park, 2016;Lee et al, 2009;Oh, Moon, Song, Son, & Koh, 2015) have shown retarded growth and deducted yield, as well as increased physiological disorders under extreme weather conditions. Studies have been carried out to develop prediction models of the effect of various environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation on crop growth and yield (Hadley et al, 1995;Poster & Semenov, 2005).…”

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses of Chinese Cabbage to Rising Atmospheric CO2

“…고랭지는 해발고도가 높아질수록 기온이 점차 낮아지는 기후 특 성 때문에 여름철에 고온다습으로 인해 평난지에서 재 배하기 어려운 호냉성 작물인 배추를 재배하기에 적합 하다. 고농도 CO 2 조건에서 배추의 광합성 특성과 생육 에 대하여는 봄배추나 가을배추 재배시 연구가 진행된 바 있으나 (Choi et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2006) (Marshall and Biscoe, 1980;Oh et al, 2015). (Farquhar et al, 1980 (Vuorinen et al, 2004;Piñero et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2009).…”