Growth and physiological responses of grape (Vitis vinifera “Combier”) to excess zinc

Abstract

Cuttings of Vitis vinifera (cultivar Combier) were exposed to seven different zinc (Zn) concentrations (control, 3.5, 7.0, 14.0, 21.0, 28.0, and 35.0 mM) to investigate growth and physiological responses to excess amount of zinc (Zn). The apparent plant growth, as indicated by daily height growth, daily stem diameter variation, and biomass accumulation, was increased by 3.5-7.0 mM surplus Zn addition. Coupled with the increase in plant growth, grape retained low level of leaf Zn concentration, and also retained high level of leaf iron concentration due to increasing translocation of iron (Fe) from root and shoots to leaves. Leaf N and K were increased or found at a constant high level, paralleling with low oxidative pressure and enhanced catalase (CAT) activity. Moreover, plant growth was depressed under high Zn levels ([14.0 mM). Generally excess Zn was stored in the non-sensitive plant parts (roots and shoots), and it caused significant reductions of P, Fe, Mn, Cu in different parts of plant. At the same time, excess Zn caused a pronounced increase in abscisic acid concentration. Our results showed that cultivar Combier is a highly Zn-tolerant grape cultivar and could be used as pioneer plants in metalliferous site and in acidic soil of the tropical and subtropical area.

Copper uptake, accumulation and physiological changes in adult grapevines in response to excess copper in soil

“…4). Yang et al (2011) also observed no changes in SOD activity in grapevines grown with an excess of Zn in soil. Excess Cu in cells can differently affect the activity of the SOD isoforms in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes (Møller et al 2007), which were not evaluated separately in this study.…”

“…Under conditions of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of H 2 O 2 and other ROS are observed, leading to lipid peroxidation, which results from the attack of the hydrogens in fatty acid chains and the consequent formation of lipid radicals and aldehydes (Apel and Hirt 2004). Lipid peroxidation, estimated by the MDA concentration, is an important parameter for assessing cell damage because of the toxic effects of heavy metals (Islam et al 2008;Yang et al 2011). In this study, the leaf blades exposed to direct insolation exhibited higher lipid peroxidation.…”

“…Because of these characteristics, an increased CATactivity is observed under conditions of oxidative stress (Dat et al 2000;Apel and Hirt 2004). Yang et al 2011 observed that increased Zn in the soil resulted first in increased CAT activity in the leaves of grapevines, followed by a sharp decrease in the CAT activity because of the high degree of toxicity. In the same study, increased concentrations of Zn in the soil caused the progressive reduction in peroxidase activity.…”

“…However, the damage to the leaves tended to be small because decreased vegetative vigor or chlorosis, classic symptoms of toxicity by Cu and other metals, were not observed in the grapevines (Marschner 1995;Toselli et al 2009;Yang et al 2011). Additionally, the excellent nutritional status of the plants and the satisfactory production of grapes in these vineyards indicated that the adult grapevines were tolerant to the excess Cu in the soil.…”

Exogenous Ethephon and Zinc Synergistically Increased Vinblastine Levels in Catharanthus roseus Leaves

“…锌充足的条件下。这一研究结果与 Yang [7] 和 Gupta [8] 等人一致。据报道，分别在锌缺乏和锌过量的条件下 葡萄和黑豆也得出类似的结果。而在青蒿 [9] 和菜豆 [10] 报道中表明 Zn 胁迫条件下减少叶片的生长。 …”