Growth and physiology of Annona squamosa L. under different irrigation depths and phosphate fertilization

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the growth and physiology of Annona squamosa seedlings under increasing irrigation depths and phosphorus doses. The experiment was conducted in protected environment, evaluating five irrigation depths and four P 2 O 5 doses, arranged in 5 x 4 factorial scheme, in randomized blocks, with four replicates and one plant per plot. Treatments were irrigation depths of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of the real evapotranspiration of the seedlings -ETr and phosphorus doses of 0, 350, 700 and 1050 mg dm -3 of P 2 O 5 -. Plants were evaluated at 120 days after transplanting with respect to growth, gas exchanges, leaf water potential and total dry matter accumulation. Phosphorus dose of 350 mg dm -3 promotes satisfactory dry matter accumulation for A. squamosa seedlings, especially under 100% ETr irrigation. Leaf water potential and gas exchanges of A. squamosa are affected by water stress, through both lack and excess of water. Stomatal conductance is the variable most sensitive to the lack of water, whereas photosynthesis and water use efficiency are the most sensitive to the excess of water. Irrigation depth of 100% ETr is ideal to produce A. squamosa seedlings, but the irrigation depth of 80% ETr can be used to produce these seedlings, disregarding small losses of growth.

Performance of pine cone seedlings in different doses of phosphate fertilizing

“…The optimum growth of pine cone seedlings was obtained with the addition of simple superphosphate in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 kg m -3 . The positive effect of phosphorus addition on the growth of pine cone seedlings are described in other studies (Andrade et al, 2018;Freitas et al, 2013;Moreira et al, 2019) as well as many other species such Annona muricata (Graviola. a Brazilian native fruit) (Soares et al, 2007); Euterpe oleracea (Açaí.…”

“…Studies have shown a beneficial effect of the phosphate fertilization on fruit tree seedlings: açai (Araújo et al, 2018), papaya (Souza et al, 2015), soursop (Soares et al, 2007). To produce pine cone seedlings Araújo et al (1999) recommend 1.5 g dm -3 of simple superphosphate in substrate, while Moreira et al (2019) claim that 350 mg dm -3 provides sufficient dry matter accumulation for pine cone seedlings. Freitas et al (2013) suggest for the initial development of pine cone seedlings, the application of 10.83 mL dm -3 of Cosmofert®.…”

Differential Tolerance of Primary Metabolism of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer to Water Stress Modulates Alkaloid Production

“…The literature is abundant regarding relationships between primary and specialized metabolisms under water stress. However, in Annona, studies are generally aimed at evaluating the effect of hydric stress on plant production, especially drought [34,35] or secondary metabolites [18,36]. Thus, there are no reports on how drought and flooding stress affect the primary metabolism and production of alkaloids in Annona emarginata.…”

Production and Quality of West Indian Cherry (Malpighia emarginata D. C.) under Salt Stress and NPK Combinations

“…However, high salt concentrations in water can compromise the growth, physiology, production, and post-harvest quality of fruits [13]. These disturbances occur mainly due to osmotic effects which reduce water availability for plants [14], toxic effects caused by Cl − and Na + ions [12], and the nutrient imbalance that imposes deficiency of essential nutrients (Ca 2+, Mg 2+ , K + , and NO 3 − ) due to the ion competition caused by the excess of chloride and sodium [15].…”