Growth and Pubertal Development Among HIV Infected and Uninfected Adolescent Girls in Lagos, Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

David, Agatha; Titilola, Gbajabiamila; Abideen, Salako; Odubela, Oluwatosin; Agatha, Wapmuk; Ekama, Sabdat Ozichu; Tomilola, Musari-Martins; Priscilla, Ezemelue; Ebiere, Herbertson; Ezechi, OC

doi:10.1177/2333794x221082784

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Almost half of them (45.2%) experienced delayed menarche. This has also been shown in other studies performed in Africa (11,22,23). It is thus very important to counsel HIV-infected adolescents about this delay to avoid anxiety and self-stigmatisation as they compare themselves to their peers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Assessment of Endocrine Function in HIV-Infected Adolescent Girls at a Tertiary Centre in Zimbabwe. A Cross Sectional Study

Guzha,

Mateveke,

Mubata

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Proper planning of reproductive health needs for HIV-infected adolescents requires a clear understanding of the effects of HIV infection on adolescents’ pubertal development. Objective: To assess the effects of HIV infection on endocrine function in perinatally infected HIV adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of adolescent girls with perinatally acquired HIV aged 10-19 years, with reasonable immunological control who were attending an HIV clinic at a tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe. Consecutive sampling was used to select study participants, and adolescents who did not consent and those who were pregnant or acutely ill were excluded from the study. The data were collected using a standardised data collection tool. Pubertal milestones were assessed using age of menarche, thelarche, pubarche and Tanner stage for breast and pubic hair development. Growth was assessed using World Health Organisation growth charts. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was assessed by measuring the following serum hormones: follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and estradiol. Ovarian reserve was assessed in adolescents above 18 years of age by serum anti-mullein hormone (AMH) levels. Data were analysed in STATA version 13.0, and the results are presented as mean (SD) or median(quartiles) and proportions, as appropriate. Results: One hundred and one (101) HIV-infected adolescents were recruited for the study. Menarche, therlarche and pubarche were delayed in 15.9%, 28.6% and 46.8% of the adolescents, respectively. A total of 59.4% had moderate to severe stunting, and 53.5% were either overweight or obese. Serum AMH was reduced in 13.8% of the adolescents. Conclusion: HIV infection in adolescents is associated with stunted growth and delayed sexual maturation. There is a need for a larger study to examine ovarian aging in HIV-infected adolescents. Trial registration: This protocol was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ) (reference number MRCZ/A/1730).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Assessment of Endocrine Function in HIV-Infected Adolescent Girls at a Tertiary Centre in Zimbabwe. A Cross Sectional Study

Guzha,

Mateveke,

Mubata

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such changed behavior and immature decisions make caregivers wonder if it will be possible to keep these adolescents in school so that they can survive this vulnerable stage without messing their future. 37,38 They are also worried if they will manage to provide their education. Some care givers are still challenged on how and when HIV status disclosure to these adolescents should be done, they feel the society should not know therefore consider these adolescents too young to keep that secret.…”

Section: Challenges With the Daily Care Of Adolescent Living With Hiv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Caring for Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV): A Qualitative Interview with Caregivers

Kasande¹,

Natwijuka²,

Katushabe³

et al. 2022

HIV

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This study aims at exploring experiences of people caring for adolescents living with HIV, also known as caregivers. By 2021, 150,000 adolescents were living with HIV and 32,000 adolescents were dying of AIDS related causes. HIV/AIDS remains one of the most serious public health problems, especially among the adolescents. This has placed a heavy burden on many caregivers, yet they are essential in caring for ALHIV. However, focus of all interventions has excluded caregivers of ALHIV. Thus, this is the reason why this study is being conducted to find out caregivers' experience in caring for ALHIV. Participants and Methods: A phenomenological study was carried out. Purposive sampling was used to select a total of 15 caregivers to participate in the study. These participants were subjected to in-depth semi-structured interviews. Their responses were recorded, transcribed and translated for thematic analysis. Results: While analyzing the results, six themes emerged. They include: diagnosis and reaction to diagnosis, experiences on adolescent's HIV serostatus disclosure, stigma and discrimination, care disengagement, and lastly, challenges during care and coping strategies. Caregivers experienced feelings of fear, Guilt, suicidal thoughts after diagnosis. Stigma and discrimination of adolescents living with HIV which was common at school and from the neighbors and the adolescent stage were some of the challenges experienced by the caregivers and it makes it hard to retain ALHIV in care. Conclusion:Families are the main source of caregiving to the adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). The study's findings indicate that caregivers in the families experience challenges related to family needs, and psychological challenges resulting from the adolescence stage. So, families should not be left to shoulder the burden of caring for ALHIV. As a way forward, social network and financial support should also be strengthened for most caregivers as a coping strategy.

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“…The physical growth and sexual maturation of perinatally-HIV infected male and female children have been well documented in studies conducted in developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, the few published studies that evaluated these outcomes were conducted in perinatally HIV-infected girls alone [ 20 , 23 ]. Thus, it is important to obtain data on similar outcomes among adolescent males seen in this clime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas studies demonstrating growth and pubertal delay in male and female HIV-infected children have been conducted in the developed settings of Europe and the United States [14][15][16][17], similar studies in either of the sexes or both sexes have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa as well [18][19][20][21][22]. In southeast Nigeria, a previous study in this locality focused on the female sex alone by investigating sexual maturation in perinatally HIVinfected girls aged 8-17 years [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical growth and sexual maturation of perinatally HIV-infected adolescent males in a southeast Nigerian tertiary hospital: a comparative cross-sectional study

2022

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Background The advent of highly-active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in the survival of children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) into adolescence. Their prolonged survival has translated into co-morbidities like endocrine deficiencies which may manifest as growth and pubertal delay. This study aimed to determine the physical growth and sexual maturation of perinatally HIV-infected adolescent males and compare them with those of age-matched HIV-negative controls. Methods We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study of 104 perinatally HIV-infected males on HAART aged 10 to 19 years, and 104 age-matched HIV-negative males who served as controls. The subjects and controls were enrolled and assessed at a Nigerian tertiary hospital over six months. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and BMI were obtained and Z scores for age were derived for weight, height, and BMI to determine physical growth using WHO AnthroPlus software. Sexual maturation was assessed using the method proposed by Marshall and Tanner. Data analysis and appropriate statistics were conducted with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 Chicago IL. A p-value < 0.05 was adopted as the level of statistical significance. Results The mean height, weight, and BMI Z scores of the subjects were all lower than those of the controls. The difference between the mean weight of the subjects (44.60 ± 13.32 kg) and the controls (49.97 ± 13.58 kg) was statistically significant (t = 2.88, p = 0.004). Similarly, the difference between the mean BMI Z-scores of the subjects (-0.96 ± 1.95) and the controls (-0.10 ± 0.86) was statistically significant (t = 4.10, p = < 0.001). The subjects showed a delay in pubic hair and testicular development for Stages 1, 2, and 3. Duration of HAART did not significantly affect the BMI of subjects who were in three groups: undernutrition, normal nutrition, and overnutrition (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.30). Conclusion Perinatal HIV infection negatively affects physical growth and the onset of pubic-hair development (PH 2) despite the duration of HAART. We recommend that screening for weight deficit or pubertal delay should form part of the management protocol for HIV-infected male children on HAART.

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Growth and Pubertal Development Among HIV Infected and Uninfected Adolescent Girls in Lagos, Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of Endocrine Function in HIV-Infected Adolescent Girls at a Tertiary Centre in Zimbabwe. A Cross Sectional Study

Assessment of Endocrine Function in HIV-Infected Adolescent Girls at a Tertiary Centre in Zimbabwe. A Cross Sectional Study

Experiences of Caring for Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV): A Qualitative Interview with Caregivers

Physical growth and sexual maturation of perinatally HIV-infected adolescent males in a southeast Nigerian tertiary hospital: a comparative cross-sectional study

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