“…The peak stimulated emission cross-sections are 3.59 Â 10 À 20 and 17.94 Â 10 À 20 cm 2 at 1058 nm for p-and s-polarization, respectively. The value is smaller than that of Nd 3 þ :KGd(WO 4 ) 2 (32.3 Â 10 À 20 cm 2 for E:N m polarization) [35], but still relatively large among the tungstate laser gain media, such as, Nd 3 þ :NaLa(WO 4 ) 2 (5.6 Â 10 À 20 cm 2 for p-polarization) [1], Nd 3 þ :LiLa(WO 4 ) 2 (6.9 Â 10 À 20 cm 2 for p-polarization) [13], Nd 3þ :NaBi(WO 4 ) 2 (16.0 Â 10 À 20 cm 2 for p-polarization) [34], and Nd 3þ :BaLaLiWO 6 (4.0 Â 10 À 20 cm 2 ) [40]. The 4 F 3/2 -4 I 13/2 laser channel of Nd 3 þ ions provides a way of realizing solid-state infrared lasers emitting in the 1.3 mm range, and these laser sources have important applications in remote sensing, guided optical communications and soft human tissue applications.…”