Growth and surface morphology of ErFeO3 single crystal

Crystal growth and characterization of the rare earth orthoferrite PrFeO3

“…According to the results from Refs. [11,13], we can conclude that low growth rate and bar rotation rate parameters are important for elimination of the bubbles and voids in the as-grown crystal.…”

“…The bubbles and cracks significantly reduced at the lower growth rate 2 mm/h compared to ErFeO 3 single crystal grown at 9 mm/h in Ref. [11]. It suggested that the lower growth rate made the sample pass through the high temperature molten zone slowly and the thermal stress can be released to some extent.…”

“…It was observed that the boule becomes a single crystal after several centimeters of growth [8]. As can be seen from the experimental results of different growth rates (2.5-24 mm/h) [8][9][10][11], high growth rate could lead to cracking in the growth process owing to the large thermal stresses. The thermal stress easily induces cracking at the grain boundary.…”

“…Most of the foundational researches for orthoferrites ideally require samples in single crystal form and the optical-floatingzone growth is an excellent technique and widely used to prepare the single crystal orthoferrites [8][9][10][11][12]. During the crystal growth progress by the floating-zone method, the quality of crystal usually depends on factors such as stability of the molten zone, quality of feed and seed rods, rotation rate, temperature distribution, atmosphere environment, chemical composition, and especially the growth rate.…”

“…During the crystal growth progress by the floating-zone method, the quality of crystal usually depends on factors such as stability of the molten zone, quality of feed and seed rods, rotation rate, temperature distribution, atmosphere environment, chemical composition, and especially the growth rate. Although many efforts have been made [8][9][10][11], the crystals still suffer from many kinds of disadvantages such as very small size, voids, dislocation, cracks, and so on.…”