Growth and transformation of the small intestinal mucosa--importance of connective tissue, gut associated lymphoid tissue and gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.

Riecken, E. O.; Stallmach, Andreas; Zeitz, Martin; Schulzke, Jörg–Dieter; Menge, H.; Gregor, Michael

doi:10.1136/gut.30.11.1630

Cited by 54 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…When these parameters are stabilized, parenteral nutrition can be started [1][2][3] . Although parenteral nutrition causes a significant decrease in the mortality rates of SBS, the time required for optimal TPN therapy is too long and has many disadvantages and severe complications [4][5][6][7] . Searching for new treatment methods for increasing bowel adaptation mechanisms in order to reduce complications of SBS is an area which many recent studies concentrated on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent articles feature the amino acid citrulline, the best marker of intestinal absorptive capacity in SBS due to massive intestinal resection [3][4][5][6][7] . The clinical study of Rhoads et al [24] , found that there was a correlation between serum citrulline levels and enteral tolerance, and levels of serum citrulline could be used as a predictive test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulation of intestinal adaptation is an extremely complicated process influenced by many factors [5] . Some of these factors are nutrients, gastrointestinal secretions, hormones, and a variety of polypeptides stimulating growth capability [6] . The most important therapeutic objectives in the management of SBS are maintenance of the patient's calorie intake and nutritional status.…”

Section: Kerem M Et Al Effects Of Chlorella On Intestinal Sbs 4513mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of microalgae chlorella species crude extracts on intestinal adaptation in experimental short bowel syndrome

Kerem¹,

Salman²,

Paşaoğlu³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM:To evaluate the effects of chlorella crude extract (CCE) on intestinal adaptation in rats subjected to short bowel syndrome (SBS). METHODS: Wistar rats weighing 230-260 g were used in the study. After anesthesia a 75% small bowel resection was performed. Rats were randomized and divided into groups. Control group (n = 10): where 5% dextrose was given through a gastrostomy tube, Enteral nutrition (EN) group (n = 10): Isocaloric and isonitrogen EN (Alitraq, Abbott, USA), study group (n = 10): CCE was administrated through a gastrostomy tube. Rats were sacrificed on the fifteenth postoperative day and blood and tissue samples were taken. Histopathologic evaluation, intestinal mucosal protein and DNA levels, intestinal proliferation and apoptosis were determined in intestinal tissues, and total protein, albumin and citrulline levels in blood were studied. RESULTS: In rats receiving CCE, villus lengthening, crypt depth, mucosal DNA and protein levels, intestinal proliferation, and serum citrulline, protein and albumin levels were found to be significantly higher than those in control group. Apoptosis in CCE treated rats was significantly reduced when compared to EN group rats. CONCLUSION: CCE has beneficial effects on intestinal adaptation in experimental SBS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kerem M Et Al Effects Of Chlorella On Intestinal Sbs 4513mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of microalgae chlorella species crude extracts on intestinal adaptation in experimental short bowel syndrome

Kerem¹,

Salman²,

Paşaoğlu³

et al. 2008

WJG

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“…Control of the growth of intestinal mucosa is, however, a complex process and other growth factors and hormones are involved as well as luminal factors, such as nutrients (Wirén et al 1995). In addition, postresectional adaptation of intestinal growth and function probably involves all of these factors (Besterman et al 1982, Sagor et al 1982, Savage et al 1985, Riecken et al 1989, Rutten et al 1991, Björk et al 1993, Vanderhoof 1993, Wirén et al 1995. The relationship between exogenous IGF-I and surgery on other gastrointestinal hormones and secondary effects on intestinal mucosa have not yet been clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal growth factors and pancreatic islet hormones during postoperative IGF-I supplementation in man

Leinsköld

Adrian²,

Arnelo³

et al. 2000

Journal of Endocrinology

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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been demonstrated to exert a nitrogen sparing effect, both experimentally and in patients after abdominal surgery. IGF-I is a major mediator for the anabolic effects of growth hormone (GH). Whether elevated circulating IGF-I levels are the sole mediator of the anabolic effects following GH has not been clarified. IGF-I influences glucose metabolism, both through its own specific receptor and by activating the insulin receptor, and has also been proposed to influence pancreatic islet secretion directly. In the present study, the postoperative effects of IGF-I on plasma levels of other gastrointestinal and pancreatic islet hormones and growth factors were measured in patients after abdominal surgery.Fifteen patients who were candidates for large bowel resection were randomly divided into two groups: IGF-Itreated (n=8) and placebo-treated (n=7). The IGF-I group received daily two s.c. injections of human recombinant IGF-I (80 µg/kg body weight) for five days, beginning on the morning of the first postoperative day. The other group received placebo injections. Fasting plasma levels of gastrointestinal growth factors (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-, IGF-II), gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin, enteroglucagon, peptide YY), and islet hormones (insulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and pancreatic glucagon) were determined by RIA preoperatively and after five days of treatment.No significant effects of IGF-I on other growth factors or gastrointestinal hormones were seen. A marked increase in plasma insulin postoperatively compared with the preoperative levels (42 3 vs 61 5 pM, P<0·05) was seen in the placebo group, whereas the postoperative levels in the IGF-I-treated patients remained unchanged (44 3 vs 45 4 pM). A similar pattern was observed for IAPP and cortisol concentrations. No differences in glucagon concentrations were seen.In conclusion, these results suggest that IGF-I does not influence production of other gastrointestinal hormones thought to be involved in alimentary growth or pancreatic glucagon. In contrast, IGF-I caused a marked reduction of insulin and IAPP secretion. The inhibition of -cell secretion could be direct or, alternatively, could involve an improvement in postoperative insulin resistance, perhaps by reducing serum cortisol.

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“…In this study, we have examined enteroglucagon, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), peptide YY (PYY) as well as the mediators of growth hormone effects; insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, IGF-II). All of these factors have been shown to play a role in postresectional adaptation of intestinal growth and function [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The distal gut hormone PYY appears to play an important inhibitory role in foregut secretions and motility, and delays small bowel transit, whereas enteroglucagon release reflects the trophic effects of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-II on the small bowel mucosa, since enteroglucagon and GLP-II are co-produced and co-secreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptide Response to Intestinal Resection in the Rat Is Stimulated by Enteral Glutamine Supplementation

Wirén

Adrian²,

Arnelo³

et al. 1999

Dig Surg

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Background: Intestinal resection stimulates the synthesis and release of gastrointestinal peptides that regulate the growth and adaptation of the mucosa. Luminal nutrients are necessary for optimal proliferation and glutamine is the preferential nutrient to the small bowel. The interplay between glutamine and regulatory peptides could be important in treating short bowel syndrome. Methods: 63 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: resection; transection, or controls. After intestinal resection animals were orally fed either a diet without glutamine or a glutamine-supplemented diet for 2 days. Transected animals and controls without prior surgery were fed the same two diets. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α, insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), peptide YY (PYY), and enteroglucagon were analyzed in mucosa from the proximal jejunum, distal ileum as well as in portal plasma when the animals were euthanized 72 h after surgery. Results: Intestinal resection resulted in an early increase in portal plasma concentrations of PYY, EGF, enteroglucagon, and mucosal IGF-II and EGF content that were significant in glutamine-treated animals. Glutamine significantly increased PYY in portal blood after resection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Glutamine could be of importance for the functional adaptation of residual small bowel mucosa by increasing PYY release.

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Growth and transformation of the small intestinal mucosa--importance of connective tissue, gut associated lymphoid tissue and gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.

Cited by 54 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of microalgae chlorella species crude extracts on intestinal adaptation in experimental short bowel syndrome

Effects of microalgae chlorella species crude extracts on intestinal adaptation in experimental short bowel syndrome

Gastrointestinal growth factors and pancreatic islet hormones during postoperative IGF-I supplementation in man

Early Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptide Response to Intestinal Resection in the Rat Is Stimulated by Enteral Glutamine Supplementation

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