Growth, Blood Metabolites, and Health of Holstein Calves Fed Milk Replacer Containing Different Amounts of Energy and Protein

Lee, H. J.; Khan, Mueen Alam; Lee, W. S.; Kim, H. S.; Ki, Kwang-Seok; Kang, Sang-Won; Hur, Tai Young; Khan, Muhammad Sajjad; Choi, You–Jin

doi:10.5713/ajas.2008.70261

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similar performance for creatinine concentrations in relation to age was reported by Khan et al (2007), Mohri et al (2007), and Lee et al (2008). Creatinine levels are not deeply affected by diet (Klinkon and Ježek, 2012) and are normally used as auxiliary reference to diagnose variations in blood urea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Regarding the increase in DMI as a function of age, its response is commonly observed in feeder calves in the unweaned phase, as reported in other studies (Bach et al, 2007;Khan et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2008;Bach et al, 2013), as a result of animal growth and because the intake of a fixed quantity of milk does not meet the entire maintenance and weight-gain requirements of the animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Performance, rumen development, and carcass traits of male calves fed starter concentrate with crude glycerin

et al. 2016

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-The objective of this study was to assess the effects of including crude glycerin in the diet on intake, performance, rumen development, and carcass traits of dairy crossbred veal calves fed starter concentrate containing 0, 80, 160, and 240 g kg −1 crude glycerin. Twenty-eight calves with an average weight of 38.03±6.7 kg and five days of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments with seven replications. Calves were individually housed in covered stalls equipped with feeders and drinkers for 56 days. The calf response to inclusion of crude glycerin in the concentrate changed over the weeks and the inclusion level of 240 g kg −1 resulted in greater dry matter intake and average daily gain. There was no effect on the final weight and total weight gain of the animals, with mean values of 73.60 and 35.16 kg, respectively. The weight of the rumen-reticulum adjusted for body weight, empty body weight, and total stomach weight increased linearly with the inclusion of crude glycerin. Blood total protein, globulin, urea, cholesterol, gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations did not differ among treatments. Carcass traits and meat color were not affected. Crude glycerin can be added to dairy calf starter concentrate up to 240 g kg −1 dry matter because it benefits concentrate intake, performance, and rumen development without affecting animal health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Performance, rumen development, and carcass traits of male calves fed starter concentrate with crude glycerin

et al. 2016

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“…Several works used urea as a protein supplement (Elías, 1986) or examined the changes of blood nitrogen levels with age in early-weaned calves (Lee et al, 2008). Higher concentrations of N-NH 3 in diet B than D could be attributed to a higher protein ingestion in the first than in the second diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roughage intake of calves is greater when the roughage and concentrate are incorporated together into a single ration than when they are offered separately (Bartley, 1973). Lee et al (2008) reported that the amount of protein and energy supplied with the milk replacer to Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period have various effects on feed consumption, body weight (BW), daily BW gain, health, and several blood metabolites (for example, serum glucose, creatinine and blood urea N). The poor general appearance and lower BW of replacer-fed calves when compared to those milk fed prompted a demand for further research to improve the daily nutrient requirements and supply (Lee et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al (2008) reported that the amount of protein and energy supplied with the milk replacer to Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period have various effects on feed consumption, body weight (BW), daily BW gain, health, and several blood metabolites (for example, serum glucose, creatinine and blood urea N). The poor general appearance and lower BW of replacer-fed calves when compared to those milk fed prompted a demand for further research to improve the daily nutrient requirements and supply (Lee et al, 2008). Furthermore, protein levels may adversely affect liver and kidney functions in pre-weaned calves (Lohakare et al, 2006;Khan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, blood metabolites and hormones in calves fed diets with different amounts of energy and protein during the pre- or post-weaning periods

Fernández¹

2012

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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We investigated the effects of diets differing in energy and protein concentrations given during pre-and post-weaning on hormone and metabolite levels in association to parameters of growth. Sixteen Aberdeen Angus calves four-day-old were allocated in individual pens during 105 days in a randomized complete design. Animals consumed ad libitum various diets differing in proportion of energy and protein (A: 80% of concentrate, 20% alfalfa hay; B: 60% concentrate, 40% of alfalfa hay; C: 40% concentrate, 60% alfalfa hay, and D: 20% concentrate, 80% alfalfa hay). Also, calves consumed milk substitute up to 60-day-old day. Serum growth hormone and cortisol levels were not altered with diet changes (P > 0.05) neither during the pre-nor the post-weaning periods. Plasma insulin concentration average daily intake, glucose and thyroid hormone levels, and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and propionic acid were greater (P < 0.01) for diets having higher than lower energy and protein levels during the post-weaning but not during the pre-weaning period. These results suggest inclusion of higher amounts of concentrate in the diet of weaned calves.

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Effect of diet on preweaning performance of Sahiwal calves

Bhatti

Ahmed

Wynn

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The objective was to study the growth potential of Sahiwal calves given milk or milk replacer with or without concentrates. For this purpose, forty-eight Sahiwal calves were divided into four groups of 12 animals each with equal sex ratio. In each group, the calves were offered either milk or a milk replacer (MR) at a rate of 10% of their body weight adjusted weekly. In addition to this, calves were fed either a starter ration plus Egyptian clover hay (SR + H) or hay only (H) until the end of trial. The milk or MR was withdrawn gradually from day 56 until animals were weaned completely by day 84. Calves offered milk grew faster than those offered MR (357 ± 9 vs. 162 ± 9 g/day; p < 0.05) and displayed higher weaning weights (51.6 ± 0.8 vs. 35.2 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05). The calves offered SR + H grew faster (311 ± 9 vs. 208 ± 9 g/day; p < 0.05) and displayed higher weaning weights (48.7 ± 0.8 vs. 38.1 ± 0.8 kg; p < 0.05) than those fed H alone. Calves offered milk plus SR + H showed the highest growth rate and weaning weights (401 ± 13 g/day and 56.3 ± 1 kg, respectively). The lowest growth rate and weaning weights were observed in calves offered MR and H only (115 ± 13 g/day and 30.3 ± 1 kg, respectively). Calves offered the MR had higher number of scour days than those offered milk (13.5 vs. 3.3). The feeding of whole milk in combination with the starter ration and hay resulted in superior growth rates, higher weaning weights, and healthier calves than the other feeding regimens.

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Growth, Blood Metabolites, and Health of Holstein Calves Fed Milk Replacer Containing Different Amounts of Energy and Protein

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Performance, rumen development, and carcass traits of male calves fed starter concentrate with crude glycerin

Performance, rumen development, and carcass traits of male calves fed starter concentrate with crude glycerin

Growth, blood metabolites and hormones in calves fed diets with different amounts of energy and protein during the pre- or post-weaning periods

Effect of diet on preweaning performance of Sahiwal calves

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