Growth characteristics of an obligately psychrophilic Vibrio sp.

Herbert, R. A.; Bell, Colin

doi:10.1007/bf00492028

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results may confirm the hypothesis of streamlined growth processes, which means improving the efficiency of substrate utilization by lowering the energy demand for cell maintenance (for instance, a lower macromolecule synthesis rate per cell division), as proposed by Bakermans and Nealson (10). This assumption is also supported by Herbert and Bell (7). Their data show that a minimal respiratory quotient for Vibrio sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Increased Biomass Production by Mesophilic Food-Associated Bacteria through Lowering the Growth Temperature from 30°C to 10°C

Seel

Derichs

Lipski

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Five isolates from chilled food and refrigerator inner surfaces and closely related reference strains of the species Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus xylosus, Bacillus cereus, Pedobacter nutrimenti, and Pedobacter panaciterrae were tested for the effect of growth temperature (30°C and 10°C) on biomass formation. Growth was monitored via optical density, and biomass formation was measured at the early stationary phase based on the following parameters in complex and defined media: viable cell count, total cell count, cell dry weight, whole-cell protein content, and cell morphology. According to the lack of growth at 1°C, all strains were assigned to the thermal class of mesophiles. Glucose and ammonium consumption related to cell yield were analyzed in defined media. Except for the protein content, temperature had a significant (t test, P < 0.05) effect on all biomass formation parameters for each strain. The results show a significant difference between the isolates and the related reference strains. Isolates achieved an increase in biomass production between 20% and 110% at the 10°C temperature, which is 15 to 25°C lower than their maximum growth rate temperatures. In contrast, reference strains showed a maximum increase of only about 25%, and some reference strains showed no increase or a decrease of approximately 25%. As expected, growth rates for all strains were higher at 30°C than at 10°C, while biomass production for isolates was higher at 10°C than at 30°C. In contrast, the reference strains showed similar growth yields at the two temperatures. This also demonstrates for mesophilic bacterial strains more efficient nutrient assimilation during growth at low temperatures. Until now, this characteristic was attributed only to psychrophilic microorganisms. IMPORTANCEFor several psychrophilic species, increased biomass formation was described at temperatures lower than optimum growth temperatures, which are defined by the highest growth rate. This work shows increased biomass formation at low growth temperatures for mesophilic isolates. A comparison with closely related reference strains from culture collections showed a significantly smaller increase or no increase in biomass formation. This indicates a loss of specific adaptive mechanisms (e.g., cold adaptation) for mesophiles during long-term cultivation. The increased biomass production for mesophiles under low-temperature conditions opens new avenues for a more efficient biotechnological transformation of nutrients to microbial biomass. These findings may also be important for risk assessment of cooled foods since risk potential is often correlated with the cell numbers present in food samples.T emperature has an obvious influence on the physiological functions and, consequently, on the growth and survival of bacteria (1, 2). Accordingly, bacteria have adapted to the specific temperature ranges of various environments, which can be summarized in different temperature classes.Cold-adapted microorganisms are classified as ps...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Therefore, one cannot speak of a single optimum growth temperature in this case. The increased cell yields of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic species at temperatures below maximum growth rate temperatures have been described for strains from several taxonomic groups (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Biomass Production by Mesophilic Food-Associated Bacteria through Lowering the Growth Temperature from 30°C to 10°C

Seel

Derichs

Lipski

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…First, the range of temperatures over which bacteria can reproduce differs among species, reflecting physiological adaptation to temperature (Nedwell 1999). In the temperature range within which a particular species grows, a crucial competitive parameter is the maximum growth rate (μ max ), a property that is substrate-, species-, and temperature-specific (Herbert & Bell 1977). The highest μ max is therefore reached at an optimum growth temperature, which is yet another species-specific property, meaning that some bacterial populations perform better (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in cell volume and community composition of bacteria in response to temperature

Sjöstedt

Hagström²,

Zweifel³

2012

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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confidence: 96%

“…The general paradigm is that when the environmental temperature decreases below the optimum temperature for growth, there is a concomitant decrease in the affinity for substrates, as measured by maximum specific growth rate/K s . The trend toward decreased affinity at lower temperatures applies to the uptake of both organic and inorganic substrates (79,129,140).A common strategy used to sustain cell activity at a permanently low temperature is to produce cold-adapted enzymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency (48, 57). In general, effective substrate uptake and catalysis by enzymes at low temperatures require increased specific activity (k cat ) (34,35,46,134,159).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coping with Our Cold Planet

Rodrigues

Tiedje

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

164

116

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Of all the natural stress conditions on our planet and in our solar system, cold is arguably the most widespread, at least from the perspective of mesophilic and thermophilic organisms. For instance, 90% of the Earth's oceans have a temperature of 5°C or less. When terrestrial habitats are included, over 80% of the Earth's biosphere is permanently cold (149). Among terrestrial environments, 85% of Alaska, 55% of Russia and Canada, 20% of China, and the majority of Antarctica are permanently cold (136). Furthermore, six of the other eight planets of our solar system are permanently cold, and hence understanding life's adaptations to cold environments on our planet should be useful in the search for and understanding of life on other planets. Indeed, the current debate about whether life exists in Lake Vostok or on other planets is rooted in understanding what we know about microbial life in cold environments (83; C. Zimmer, New York Times, 6 July 2007).Since water is the major constituent of life, the manner in which its physical properties depend on temperature is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms that govern cold tolerance and acclimation. A number of Earth's microorganisms have the ability to cope with low temperatures, which makes them among Earth's most successful colonizers (62,63). In this review we summarize how physical properties of water at cold temperatures affect the physiology of microorganisms and we focus on the molecular mechanisms revealed by recent biochemical and genetic studies that shed light on microbial adaptations to cold.Effects of cold on physical properties of water and on biochemical reactions. Properties of water have a profound influence on the physical and chemical processes that are essential for life (51). Water is the only chemical compound that occurs naturally in solid, liquid, and vapor phases and the only naturally occurring inorganic liquid on Earth (51). The water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The HOH angle is 104.5 o , and the intramolecular OH distance is 0.957 Å (37). A strong, directional attraction occurs between an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom belonging to a different water molecule, i.e., a hydrogen bond (168). At temperatures below 4°C, hydrogen bonds force energy and volume, as well as entropy and volume, to be negatively correlated, while the correlations are positive for most liquids. The negative correlation between entropy and volume is a consequence of the formation of an open hydrogen-bound network in which a decrease in orientation entropy is accompanied by an increase in volume (37). This tendency of water molecules to attract each other strongly through hydrogen bonds is responsible for the unusual properties of water (37).In a subzero environment, water can be supercooled or frozen (52). Supercooling is not accompanied by changes in the concentrations of water-soluble substances, except in rare cases where such substances might be present at near-saturation concentrations at normal temperatures and precipitate ...

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Growth characteristics of an obligately psychrophilic Vibrio sp.

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Increased Biomass Production by Mesophilic Food-Associated Bacteria through Lowering the Growth Temperature from 30°C to 10°C

Increased Biomass Production by Mesophilic Food-Associated Bacteria through Lowering the Growth Temperature from 30°C to 10°C

Variation in cell volume and community composition of bacteria in response to temperature

Coping with Our Cold Planet

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