Growth Characteristics of Common Milkweed

Jeffery, L. S.; Robison, L. R.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500048682

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Common milkweed seedlings have a greater range of emergence from coarse-textured soils (2,13). These results concur with prior research indicating maximum emergence of common milkweed occurs from the upper 0.5 to 2 cm of the soil profile and emergence is inhibited below 6 em (2, 19).…”

Section: Controlsupporting

confidence: 88%

Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment

et al. 1996

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Soil profile distribution of a single simulated seed dispersal event after tillage followed a nonlinear model. Approximately 40% of recovered simulated seed were found within 4 cm of the surface following chisel plowing and disking, and density declined steadily with depth to 20 cm. Moldboard plowing placed 50 to 60% of simulated seed to a depth of 11 to 16 cm. Simulated seed were evenly distributed to 8 cm depth by disking and did not differ regardless of whether plots were chisel or moldboard plowed prior to seed dispersal. More than 90% of seed remained within 2 cm of the surface with no-tillage. Simulated seed distribution was the same after a tillage rotation of chisel plowing, disking, moldboard plowing, and disking regardless if the dispersal event occurred prior to chisel or moldboard plowing. Two years of the tillage rotation and two dispersal events resulted in a distribution pattern greatly influenced by the most recent major tillage of chisel or moldboard plowing. Seedling emergence of common milkweed averaged 80% for seed buried 0.5 to 4 cm deep and emergence was negligible for seed on the surface or buried 7 cm in soil in pots in a growth chamber.

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Section: Controlsupporting

confidence: 88%

Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment

et al. 1996

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“…Each seed was gently pushed down to approximately 3 cm below the surface to avoid further dispersion and thus the invasion of other plots. This depth allowed for having even the biggest seeds of Cenchrus covered with 1-1.5 cm layer of soil, but it was near or within the range of ideal burial depth for all other species as well [Kowarik and Säumel (2007) for Ailanthus, Jeffery and Robison (1971) for Asclepias and Guillemin and Chauvel (2011) for Ambrosia].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of disturbance in invasive plant establishment in a changing climate: insights from a drought experiment

et al. 2021

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Climate change and disturbance are two major factors affecting the establishment of invasive species, yet few studies to date have assessed the individual and interactive effects of these two factors in a common setting. Disturbance has often been found to facilitate the establishment of invading species, while climate change may affect them positively or negatively through altering abiotic conditions, or indirectly by modifying species interactions. In a full-factorial field experiment in a semiarid temperate grassland in Central Hungary, we studied the effects of drought (40% rain exclusion throughout the year) and soil disturbance on the emergence, survival and aboveground biomass of four invasive plant species that represent different life forms and that are of concern in the region and at a broader scale. We added seeds of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (annual forb), Cenchrus incertus (annual grass), Asclepias syriaca (perennial forb) and Ailanthus altissima (deciduous tree) in drought and non-drought plots with and without soil disturbance. Ailanthus germinated poorly irrespective of treatments. Disturbance facilitated while drought suppressed seedling emergence in the other three species. Ambrosia was more sensitive to disturbance, while Cenchrus was more responsive to drought. Asclepias achieved substantial emergence in disturbed non-drought plots only, as drought strongly suppressed its emergence even in the presence of disturbance. Seedling survival and late-season aboveground biomass of Ambrosia and Cenchrus were positively affected by disturbance but were unaffected by drought, while no Asclepias seedling survived until late summer. Our results highlight that both drought and disturbance may considerably impact the establishment of invasive plants, with potential interactive effects, but responses may greatly differ among species and life stages. Overall, our findings in this study suggest that although drought may negatively affect seedling establishment, a drier climate may not suppress or eliminate invasive species if soil disturbance is present. They also highlight the importance of including disturbance in studies assessing the potential effects of climate change on plant invasions.

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“…Bhowmik and Bandeen found that common milkweed was able to produce buds on the root 18 to 21 days after emergence. 5 Jeffery and Robison (8) found that 5% of the common milkweed seedlings clipped when 2 to 3 cm in height resprouted. When clipped at the 7.5 to 12.0 cm height, 100% resprouted.…”

Section: Germination Rate Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and Seedling Development of Common Milkweed and Other Species

1972

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Common milkweed(Asclepias syriacaL.) seed did not survive storage in water for 1, 2, and 12 months at 40, 30, and 5 C, respectively; but under dry storage seed viability was destroyed only at 40 C for 5 months. Stratifying common milkweed seed in water at 5 C was more effective in breaking dormancy than at 22 C. Mechanical scarification also caused a significant increase in germination. Exogenous 6-furfurylamino purine (kinetin) and gibberellic acid-3 (GA) increased germination while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) had no effect. The optimum germination temperature scheme for common milkweed was an alternating 20 to 30 C, the maximum between 35 and 40 C, and the minimum between 15 and 20 C. Common milkweed seedlings were more susceptible to moisture stress than kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] but less susceptible than hemp dogbane(Apocynum cannabinumL.) and sunflower(Helianthus annuusL.). In a greenhouse study common milkweed was less drought tolerant than eight other weed species. Common milkweed seedlings tolerated wider pH ranges than honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt.], kochia, and sunflower. Common milkweed seedlings were less tolerant to salt solutions than four other species. Common milkweed emerged from 6-cm depths in Sharpsburg silty clay loam (sicl) at 20 or 30 C but only from the 3-cm depth at an alternating 20 to 30 C. Results from root box studies showed that common and honeyvine milkweed produced less shoot and root weight than kochia and sunflower and had a lower growth rate index of roots than sunflower. Common milkweed seedlings resprouted 21 days after planting when clipped at ground level. As days from planting to clipping increased, sprouting activity increased.

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Growth Characteristics of Common Milkweed

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment

Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment

The role of disturbance in invasive plant establishment in a changing climate: insights from a drought experiment

Germination and Seedling Development of Common Milkweed and Other Species

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