Growth Characterization of Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate Crystals Influenced by Costus Igneus Aqueous Extract

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of leaves, stems and rhizome of Costus igneus on the growth of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD) crystals. Methods:Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD) crystals were grown by the single diffusion gel growth technique and the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and rhizome of Costus igneus on the growth of CHPD crystals has been studied. The grown crystals were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD) for further confirmations. Results:With an increase in the concentration of aqueous extract of Costus igneus, the weight of the formed crystals were gradually reduced from 2.03 g to 0.06 g (leaves), 0.05 g (rhizome), 0.03 g (stem) for the CHPD crystals, respectively. The crystals harvested from the CHPD were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the functional groups, and Powder X-Ray Diffraction technique (XRD) analyses to confirm the crystalline phases of the CHPD and hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals. Results obtained indicated that Costus igneus (leaves, stems and rhizome) has the potential to inhibit the formation of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate crystals. Conclusion:This study confirms that using an aqueous extract of stem and rhizome of Costus igneus can promote the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals and reduce the nucleation rate of CHPD crystals, a major component of calcium urinary stone.

Calcium Oxalate on Limestone Surface of Heritage Buildings

“…It is known the use of diethyl oxalate (C 2 H 5 ) 2 C 2 O 4 , for the treatment of monument surfaces, this product having a better penetration depth compared with that of ammonium oxalate and a good affinity to the substrate [12]. The FTIR spectra of CaOx crystals show some peaks at 1642 and 1330 cm -1 are the main antisymmetric carbonyl stretching bands, and the band at 1031 cm -1 assigned to C-O stretching, Figure 2, in good agreement with the literature [13]. In the same context is Raman spectra (Figure 3), which put into evidence the predominance of COD and COM, by the bands from 1441 cm -1 , similar for both oxalate forms [14].…”

In vitro antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic efficacy of the leaf, stem, and rhizome extracts of <i>Costus igneus</i> nak (Costaceae) in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

“…The antioxidant activities of the leaves of C. igneus have also been reported (Jayasri et al, 2009;Majumdar and Parihar, 2012). α-Tocopherol and ergastanol are chemical constituents identified in the leaves (George et al, 2007), lupeol and stigmasterol in the stems (Manjula et al, 2012), quercetin and diosgenin in the rhizomes (Kalailingam et al, 2011) of the plant. In Nigeria -cum-West Africa, Costus species including C. igneus are also employed in ethnomedicne for the management of diabetes mellitus (Ajibesin et al, 2008;Elavarasi and Saravanan, 2012;Jeroh et al, 2020) however, reports are only available for the Indian grown C. igneus.…”

Albumin and Its Role in Urolithiasis

“…Kidney calculi are classified into five major types: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) -most commonly occurring, calcium phosphate (CaP), uric acid, struvite, and cysteine stones [5,6]. Besides, the fact that these urinary risk factors that are excreted in the urine, such as calcium, uric acid, and cysteine, are higher in men might actually be one major reason hypothesized to be bolstering the demographic findings [7].…”