Growth characters and number of strobili in clonal seed orchards of Pinus sylvestris

Abstract

Observations were made on six grafts for each of 25 clones in three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchards in Turkey. The characters studied were number of female and male strobili, height below and above the longest branch, total height; diameter at base and breast height, crown diameter, and number of branches. Variation, broad-sense heritability (H 2 ) and correlations between characters were estimated.Variation among clones was lower than among grafts within clone for all characters. The genetic variation for number of strobili varied between 0 and 17% of total variation, while that for growth characters values varied between 2 and 13%. The number of female strobili appeared more variable among trees than the number of male strobili. H 2 was not consistently high for any character or seed orchard. The number of strobili increased with the size of the tree, but not dramatically. Correlations between measures of tree size (both on clone level and individual graft level) and the number of strobili were in the magnitude r % 0.3. Diameter at breast height seems a reasonable predictor for number of strobili.

Interaction of Growth and Reproduction Characteristics in Carob Tree (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) Populations

“…Statistically significant (p<0.05) relations were found among growth characteristics, and among reproductive characteristics, while the relations among growth and reproductive characteristics changed for the years, populations and characteristics (Table 6). The positive correlations among growth and reproductive characteristics were reported in different forest tree species (i.e., Bilir et al, 2006;Bhumibhamon,1978;Nikkanen and Ruotsalainen, 2000), while negative correlations were reported by Schmidtling (1981), Nikkanen and Velling (1987). Estimation of interaction between reproductive and growth characteristics had play important roles in management and establishment of forest area (i.e., spacing, pruning).…”

“…The most productive ten trees produced more than 30% of total seed and pod productions in the populations. Large differences were also reported for reproductive characteristics within population, among populations and years in different tree species (i.e., Keskin, 1999;Nikkanen ve Ruotsalainen, 2000;Bila, 2000;Almqvist et al, 2001;Hannerz et al, 2001;Kang et al, 2003;Bilir et al, 2003Bilir et al, , 2005Bilir et al, , 2006Bilir et al, and 2008. The differences showed importance of individual selection instead of mass selection for breeding purposes such as domestication in the species.…”

Ecología evolutiva de la reproducción en dos pinos mediterráneos: Pinus pinaster Ait. y Pinus halepensis Mill.

“…Male and female pollen and cone production (17-31) C 0.36-0.54 Pinus sylvestris Male and female strobili number (10-19) C (0.00-0.15)-(0-0.16) (Bilir et al, 2006) …”

“…Experimental manipulations are therefore recommended whenever possible. comparisons have raised concern about spurious correlations (Klinkhamer & de Jong, 1990), 238 however they also describe a biological reality, and the problem might be not the use of such 239 correlations but their straightforward interpretation as evidence for costs of reproduction.…”

Coffee pruning: Importance of diversity among genotypes of Coffea arabica

“…Pruning is a technology that has been associated with higher yield due to its promotion of reproductive output in different plant species (Bilir et al, 2006;Dutkuner et al, 2008). For coffee plants, there are several pruning managements that are recommended to be used when the canopies start overlapping and causing detrimental effects (normally after 4-6 years of cultivation, depending on the spacing, environment and growth), between the recommended pruning for C. arabica in Brazil, there are: "recepa" (high or low cut of orthotropic stems), "decote" (high cut above to control the plant height), "desponte" (cut of plagiotropic branches at a determined length), "esqueletamento" (association of orthotropic and plagiotropic cutting to control the shape of the canopy), and selective pruning (cutting varies per plant), as described by Cunha et al (2011).…”