“…Sen (2006) and Tarp (2006) stress that aid is beneficial if properly administered. Related research considers the effectiveness of aid to be dependent on the existence of certain features in recipient countries, such as the share of a country's area that lies in the tropics (Daalgard, Hansen, and Tarp 2004), the level of democratization (Svensson 1999), institutional quality (Burnside and Dollar 2004), political stability (Chauvet and Guillaumont 2004), vulnerability to external shocks (Guillaumont and Chauvet 2001), absorptive capacity (Chauvet and Guillaumont 2004), and the level of indebtedness (Bjerg, Bjørnskov, and Holm 2010). However, Easterly, Levine, and Roodman (2004), Rajan and Subramanian (2008), and Doucouliagos and Paldam (2009) show that these results are fragile, being sensitive to small changes in the data set or in the model specification.…”