Growth, Development, and Response of Peach Somaclones to the Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

<jats:p>Somaclonal variation has been reported in many plant species, and several phenotypic and genetic changes, including pathogen and pest resistance, have been described. This study was designed to evaluate somaclonal variation in peach <jats:italic>[Prunus persica</jats:italic> (L.) Batsch] regenerants in response to the root-knot nematode, <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita</jats:italic> (Kofoid &amp; White) Chitwood. Regenerants SH-156-1, SH-156-7, SH-156-11, and SH-156-12, derived from `Sunhigh' (susceptible) embryo no. 156, and regenerants RH-30-1, RH-30-2, RH-30-4, RH-30-6, RH-30-7, and RH-30-8, derived from `Redhaven' (moderately resistant) embryo no. 30, were screened in vitro for resistance to the root-knot nematode. Under in vitro conditions, fewest nematodes developed on regenerants SH-156-1 and SH-156-11, `Redhaven', and all `Redhaven' embryo no. 30 regenerants. The most nematodes developed on `Sunhigh', `Sunhigh' seedlings (SHS), and regenerant SH-156-7. Nematodes did not develop on `Nemaguard'. In greenhouse tests, fewer nematodes developed and reproduced on the no. 156-series regenerants than on `Sunhigh'. Under in vitro conditions, significant differences among uninfected (control) regenerants, cultivars, and rootstock `Nemaguard' were observed for shoot height and fresh root weights. Significant differences were also observed among infected regenerants, cultivars, and `Nemaguard' for these characteristics, but differences were not observed between control and infected regenerants. Different concentrations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid in half-strength Murashige and Skoog salt medium induced rooting of two peach cultivars, one rootstock, and four regenerants.</jats:p>

Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement

“…Sun CrestIacona et al (2013)35Olive ( Olive europea )Bush olive somaclone (BOS), columnar olive somaclone (COS)Leva et al (2012)36Patchouli ( Pogostemon patchouli )Higher herb yield and essential oil contentRavindra et al (2012)37Pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Resistance to Fusarium solani Horáček et al (2013)38Peach ( Prunus persica L.)Somaclones S156 and S122 resistant to leaf spot, moderately resistant to canker in cvs. Sunhigh and Red havenHammerschlag and Ognjanov (1990)Resistant to root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid and White)Hashmi et al (1995)Somaclone S 122-1 was found resistant to bacterial canker ( Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae )Hammerschlag (2000)39Pear ( Pyrus sp.…”

Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement

“…Levall and Bornman (1993) (Table 7). Duncan et al (1991a) and Hashmi et al (1995) identified somaclones of sorghum resistant to fall armyworm and of peach with increased levels of resistance to the nematode Meloidogyne incognita, respectively. (1993) were able to select insect-resistant wheat calli by adding extract of the aphid Diuraphis noxia to the medium.…”

Resistant Responses of Peach Somaclone 122-1 to Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni and to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

“…Bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation at 5000 g n for 10 min. The cells were resuspended in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, and adjusted with this buffer to led to the identification of somaclonal variants of peach with increased levels of resistance to bacterial leaf spot (Hammerschlag, 1988(Hammerschlag, , 1990 and to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Hashmi et al, 1995). Preliminary studies (Hammerschlag and Ognjanov, 1990) have indicated that variants with resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”