2015
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.124511
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Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) promotes osteoclast differentiation and inhibits osteoblast differentiation and high serum GDF15 levels are associated with multiple myeloma bone disease

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Cited by 50 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…We therefore investigated whether GDF15 has a role in the regulation of cancer stemness in HNC. For the stemness phenotype, GDF15 has been previously reported to participate in the cellular differentiation of osteoblasts [44, 45] and to enhance tumor initiation and malignancy in multiple myeloma cells [46]. Consistent with these studies, we found that GDF15 promotes cancer stemness, as shown by the increase in spheroid cell formation (Figure 3I-3J) and invasion ability (Figure 3K-3L).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…We therefore investigated whether GDF15 has a role in the regulation of cancer stemness in HNC. For the stemness phenotype, GDF15 has been previously reported to participate in the cellular differentiation of osteoblasts [44, 45] and to enhance tumor initiation and malignancy in multiple myeloma cells [46]. Consistent with these studies, we found that GDF15 promotes cancer stemness, as shown by the increase in spheroid cell formation (Figure 3I-3J) and invasion ability (Figure 3K-3L).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…The serum levels of GDF15 were significantly higher in multiple types of malignancies and lung cancer patients with bone metastases (P<0.0001) (34). In addition, GDF15 promoted osteoclast differentiation while inhibiting osteoblast differentiation in vitro in multiple myeloma (35) and prostate cancer bone metastasis (36). Our conclusion appears to contradict these studies.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 79%
“…Isolated cells were seeded at 8000 cells per well in 96-well plates, and preosteoclasts were generated as reported. 26,27 Briefly, human monocytes were grown in minimum essential medium a (#4160; Thermo Fischer) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated human serum, 20 mg/mL of gentamicin, and 30 ng/mL of M-CSF, 10 ng/mL of RANKL, and 1 ng/mL of TGF-b1. After 6 to 9 days, when binucleated cells appeared, cells were treated with recombinant IL-32 (25 ng/mL) or EVs with or without 50 ng/mL of RANKL and 1 ng/mL of M-CSF for 3 days, as indicated in the figure legends.…”
Section: Osteoclast Differentiationmentioning
confidence: 99%