Growth, extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, and kinetic characteristic responses of the bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM>10)

Abstract

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM), commonly seen and widely excited in environment, appears great enough to influence the biochemical processes in aquatic microorganisms and phytoplankton. Understanding the response of cyanobacteria to various factors is fundamental for eutrophication control. To clarify the response of cyanobacteria to APM, the effects of PM, PM, and PM on Microcystis aeruginosa were researched. Variabilities in cell density, chlorophyll a, soluble protein, malondialdehyde, extracellular activity, and kinetic parameters of alkaline phosphatase were evaluated by lab-cultured experiments. Results showed that the PM had a slight stimulation impact on the growth and enhanced both of the 48- and 72-h extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), the affinity of alkaline phosphatase for substrate, and the 72-h maximum enzymatic reaction velocity (V). Moreover, the stimulations in extracellular APA and V enhanced with the increasing exposure concentrations. We also found there were no obvious distinctions on the effects of growth and alkaline phosphatase in M. aeruginosa between PM and PM exposure groups. Obviously, inhibitory effects on growth existed in 4.0 and 8.0 mg/L PM and 8.0 mg/L PM at 120 h. Furthermore, PM and PM exerted inhibitory effects on the extracellular APA during the 72-h exposure. Simultaneously, the V was notably inhibited and the affinity of alkaline phosphatase for substrate was more inseparable compared with control in PM and PM treatments. Nevertheless, the inhibitors in extracellular APA and kinetic parameters were unrelated to PM and PM exposure concentrations. Two-way ANOVA results revealed that there were significant interactions between exposure concentration and diameter of APM on the 120-h cell density, soluble protein content, APA, and 72 h APA of M. aeruginosa. These results in our study would be meaningful to further researches on relationships between APM deposition and cyanobacterial bloom.

Glyphosate Accelerates the Proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa, a Dominant Species in Cyanobacterial Blooms

“…A total of 50‐mL Microcystis cultures of each sample were filtered through a 0.45‐μm membrane (Whatman), and the filtrate was used for ALP and microcystin determination. Extracellular ALP was routinely measured through colorimetric methods via hydrolysis of p ‐nitrophenylphosphate disodium hexahydrate (Sigma) to p ‐nitrophenol at 410 nm (Xu et al 2018). To measure ALP, 1 mL of intracellular extract was mixed with 8.4 mL of Tris‐HCl, after which p ‐nitrophenylphosphate disodium hexahydrate (2 mL, 2.4 mM) was added to the mixture.…”

A study of bioavailable phosphorus in the inflowing rivers of Lake Taihu, China

“…) of the Michaelis-Menten equation to calculate V max and K m (Zhou et al 2004). K m and V max were computed by linear regression analysis on the values obtained in the assay (Han and Srinivasan 1969;Zhou et al 2004;Xu et al 2018). v was calculated by using K m , V max combined with the EHP as substrate concentration.…”