Growth Factors and Chemokines: A Comparative Functional Approach Between Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Tettamanti, Gianluca; Malagoli, Davide; Benelli, Roberto; Albini, Adriana; Grimaldi, Annalisa; Perletti, Gianpaolo; Noonan, Douglas M.; Eguileor, Magda de; Ottaviani, Enzo

doi:10.2174/092986706778521986

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…IL-8 (or CXCL8) was selected as an attractant for its involvement in immune responses and wound healing processes in vertebrates [10,11] and invertebrates. [8,35] Measurement of IL-8 release from MG by ELISA We determined the ability and kinetics of the release of chemokine from the MG into culture media in which polymerized MG pellets loaded with IL-8 were incubated, collected at specific time intervals, and analyzed for IL-8 by ELISA. IL-8 appeared to rapidly diffuse from the MG into the medium, which attained an average concentration of 485.5 AE 26.9 pg Á mL À1 that did not significantly vary from 30 min up to one week during MG incubation ( Figure 1 in the Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokine Loaded Biopolymers as a Novel Strategy to Study Stem Cells during Wound‐Healing Processes

Grimaldi

Banfi

Vizioli

et al. 2011

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The biopolymer matrigel loaded with cytokine can be used for the recruitment in vivo of specific cell populations and as a vector for the preparation of cell cultures. Data demonstrate that the injection of the matrigel biopolymer supplemented with interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the leech Hirudo medicinalis can be used to purify cell populations showing the same morphofunctional and molecular mechanisms of specific populations of vertebrate hematopoietic precursor cells involved in tissue repair. These cells spontaneously differentiated into myofibroblasts. This approach highlights how the innovative use of a cytokine-loaded biopolymer for an in vivo cell sorting method, applied to a simple invertebrate model, can be a tool for studying myofibroblast cell biology and its regulation, step by step.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vertebrates, a plethora of cytokines act as modulators of these processes, [8] we took advantage of these features to develop a novel assay based on a combined system (animal model/biopolymer) useful for investigating wound healing and tissue repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Loaded Biopolymers as a Novel Strategy to Study Stem Cells during Wound‐Healing Processes

Grimaldi

Banfi

Vizioli

et al. 2011

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Furthermore, several studies have suggested that the expression of various chemokines can be regulated by complement activation products, including MAC (39 -42). It is also known that various chemokines can modulate the levels of growth factors (43)(44)(45)(46). However, the link between MAC, chemokines, and growth factors in laser-induced CNV is not elucidated thus far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Complement Membrane Attack Complex, Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Mouse Model of Laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization

Liu

Jha

Lyzogubov

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The present study investigated the interactions among the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), CCL2, and VEGF that occur in vivo during the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We first investigated the sequential expression of MAC, CCL2, and VEGF during laser-induced CNV in C57BL/6 mice. Increased MAC deposition was detected at 1 h, CCL2 increased at 3 h, and VEGF was up-regulated at day 3 post-laser treatment. These results suggested that during laser-induced CNV, MAC, CCL2 and VEGF are formed and/or expressed in the following order: MAC 3 CCL2 3 VEGF. To determine the cross-talk between MAC, CCL2, and VEGF during laser-induced CNV, neutralizing antibodies were injected both systemically and locally to block the bioactivity of each molecule. Blocking MAC formation inhibited CCL2 and VEGF expression and also limited CNV formation, whereas neutralization of CCL2 bioactivity did not affect MAC deposition; however, it reduced VEGF expression and CNV formation. When bioactivity of VEGF was blocked, CNV formation was significantly inhibited, but MAC deposition was not affected. Together, our results demonstrate that MAC is an upstream mediator and effect of MAC on the development of laser-induced CNV can be attributed to its direct effect on VEGF as well as its effect on VEGF that is mediated by CCL2. Understanding the interplay between immune mediators is critical to gain insight into the pathogenesis of CNV. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)3 is the major cause of irreversible blindness in individuals over the age of 50 worldwide (1-5). Based on clinical and pathological features, AMD is usually classified into two forms: the nonexudative/dry form and the exudative/wet form (6, 7). Wet AMD is a pathological process, secondary to choroidal neovascular changes (CNV). CNV is a complex pathogenic process where new blood vessels are generated beneath the retina from pre-existing choriocapillaries (8 -10). Several risk factors have been reported to be associated with CNV formation (11-15). Studies reported in the literature support a key role for the complement system in the development of CNV (16 -21).Although the complement system is recognized traditionally as a major component of innate immunity, it has multifunctional role in immunity, including the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses (22-26). The role of the complement in the development of CNV has been more directly addressed by using laser-induced animal model (27-29). The laser-induced model of CNV is produced in C57BL/6 mice by laser photocoagulation, and this model is used by an increasing number of investigators (29 -32). Using this animal model of CNV, we demonstrated that complement activation, especially the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC), is crucial for the development of laser-induced CNV (27-29). We also reported that there is a direct correlation between MAC deposition and levels of angiogenic growth factors, including VEGF during laser-induced CNV (29).Studies reported in the literature have indi...

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“…The recruitment, activation and retention of inflammatory cells need crosstalk between chemoattractive factors and ligands. The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is also known as CXCL12, which is an important member of the chemokine family that activate leukocytes to initiate inflammatory processes [12][13][14]. CXCL12 is potently chemotactic for inflammatory cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CXCL12 is potently chemotactic for inflammatory cells. CXCL12 recruits inflammatory cells through a CXCR4 dependent manner and CXCR4 is expressed in inflammatory cells [12][13][14]. Recently, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has been described as a retention signal for M2 macrophages [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Acute Lung Injury by MiR-454

Tao

Yuan

Liao

2016

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Although acute lung injury (ALI) is an important and common disease in humans, its pathogenesis is poorly understood and its therapeutic outcome has not been significantly improved in the past years. Here, we examined whether application of microRNAs might inhibit the ALI-associated lung inflammatory, and subsequently reduce the injury. Methods: In vitro, we performed bioinformatics analyses to identify the miRNAs that target the most important chemo-attractive factor CXCL12, and confirmed that the binding was functional by luciferase reporter assay. We prepared adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying miRNA mimics or null control. We expressed miRNA in mouse lung through i.v. injection of AAV and then we used Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce ALI in mice. We analyzed the changes in permeability index and production of inflammatory cytokines in mouse lung, and we also verified the effects of virus-mediated gene expression by examining the levels of miRNAs and CXCL12 in lung by RT-qPCR and ELISA, and by quantifying the recruited inflammatory cells in mouse lung by flow cytometry. Results: We found that miR-454 targeted the 3'-UTR of CXCL12 mRNA to inhibit its protein translation in human lung epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-454 in mouse lung significantly reduced the LPS-induced increases in permeability index and production of inflammatory cytokines CXCL1, CXCL2, IL6 and TNFα, possibly through suppression of CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated recruitment of inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-454 in lung may be a promising therapeutic approach to reduce the severity of ALI.

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Growth Factors and Chemokines: A Comparative Functional Approach Between Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Cited by 38 publications

References 162 publications

Cytokine Loaded Biopolymers as a Novel Strategy to Study Stem Cells during Wound‐Healing Processes

Cytokine Loaded Biopolymers as a Novel Strategy to Study Stem Cells during Wound‐Healing Processes

Relationship between Complement Membrane Attack Complex, Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Mouse Model of Laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization

Alleviation of Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Acute Lung Injury by MiR-454

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