Growth, Feed Utilization and Haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Vitamin C

Abstract

Problem statement:In an effort to increase growth, improve feed utilization, reduce stress and prevent certain diseases, a 14 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on growth, feed utilization and hematological changes in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Approach: Diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 100, 150, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-ascorbic acid kg −1 of feed contributing 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% to the formulated diets respectively. Fish of mean weight 10.12±0.7 g were fed on experimental diets in triplicate groups. Weight gain of fish fed diet with 0% of vitamin C were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those fed on supplemented vitamin C diets. Fish fed diet with 1.5% of vitamin C showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain than fish fed on other diets. However, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in weight gain among the fish fed diets containing 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of vitamin C. Generally, fish fed vitamin C supplemented diets showed better growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency compared with those without vitamin C supplementation. Results:The results of hematological analyses of fish showed that red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by vitamin C supplemented diets. Fish fed the vitamin C-free diet begin to show deficiency signs such as erratic swimming, flashing, skin darkening and reduced growth at 12 weeks of feeding trial. Conclusion: This study indicated that 50 mg kg −1 of ascorbic acid is sufficient to prevent C. gariepinus fingerlings from developing clinical symptoms relating to vitamin C deficiency. A mega dose of 1500 mg kg −1 of ascorbic acid gave maximum growth performance and feed utilization efficiency.

Dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) and its effects on growth attributes, organ indices, whole‐body composition and biochemical parameters

“…This improvement can be attributed to the high FI (Huang et al, 2017), better FCR and improved antioxidant capacity in response to ASA supplemented diet, as was observed in the present study. These results were similar to other studies carried out on freshwater fish species by supplementing various forms of ASA like ascorbate-2-polyphosphate in juvenile yellow catfish (Liang et al, 2017) and juvenile largemouth bass (Chen et al, 2015), lascorbic acid in common carp (Faramarzi, 2012) and African sharp tooth catfish (Adewolu & Aro, 2009). In the current experiment, WG% data appropriately fitted the broken-line regression model (R 2 = 0.97).…”

“…On the contrary, the optimal requirement based on WG% was comparatively less than juvenile Chu's croaker (Zou et al, 2020), juvenile Chinese sucker (Huang et al, 2017) and juvenile largemouth bass (Chen et al, 2015) fed with l-acsorbyl-2-polyphosphate and more than GIFT tilapia (Huang et al, 2016), Mori (Zehra & Khan, 2012) and grouper fed on l-acsorbyl-2-monophosphate-Na (Lin & Shiau, 2004). In contrast to our values, optimal values of ASA in common carp (Faramarzi, 2012) and African sharp tooth catfish (Adewolu & Aro, 2009) were much higher when supplemented as l-ascorbic acid, and GIFT tilapia showed a comparatively lower range of optimal ASA concentration from l-acsorbyl-2-polyphosphate (Huang et al, 2016). The variation of ASA requirements can be attributed to the differences in species, size (Chen et al, 2015) and metabolic activities (Dabrowski et al, 2004).…”

Comparative Development of Juvenile Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Fed Commercial Diets and Maggot Meal in Recirculating Aquaculture System

“…There was a significant difference between treatments observed in weeks 2, 3, and 4 at5% probability level; while no significant difference were noted in weeks 1, 5, and 6. This is in line with the study of who posited comparable results on the growth performance of C. gariepinus fingerlings fed different diets (Adewumi, 2015;March et al, 2011;Adewolu and Aro, 2009;Adewumi, 2015;March et al, 2011;Adewolu and Aro, 2009). Source: Authors computed results (2018) Table 2 presents the results of the average width of the juveniles (C. gariepinus) during the 42 days experimental trial under different treatments.…”

Vitamin B12 Status in Males and Females of different Age Groups

“…These results suggest that Jordanians eat adequate animal products to increase the daily intake of vitamin B12. However, it is possible that there may be other important factors like geographical variation (Bindra et al, 1987), different life style (Papandreou et al, 2006), racial and ethnic differences (Bindra et al, 1987), genetic factors (Feng et al, 2009;Jang et al, 2002), normal absorption of vitamin B12 (Roddie and Davis, 2009), the storage period of fresh juices (Chandrasekaram et al, 2009), adequate daily intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid (Fenech, 2001), the plasma level of vitamin E and vitamin C (Adewolu and Aro, 2009;Madhavi et al, 2009) as well as the accurate cooking of vegetables (Rowe et al, 2009) and folic acid supplementation of grain products (Roddie and Davis, 2009), that were not taken in consideration in this study that could influence the vitamin B12 status of subjects.…”