Growth, History, or Institutions? What Explains State Fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Bertocchi, Graziella; Guerzoni, Andrea

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1575850

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…FCAS are countries or regions characterized by a high propensity for recurring conflict or war. FCAS often have unstable and corrupt governments who are unwilling to provide basic resources and protect the human rights of their citizens [ 2 – 4 ]. In 2020, the World Bank classified 37 countries as fragile and conflict-affected in their annual list of FCAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors impacting antenatal care utilization: a systematic review of 37 fragile and conflict-affected situations

et al. 2022

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Background It is estimated that over 930 million people live in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) worldwide. These regions, characterized by violence, civil unrest, and war, are often governed by corrupt administrations who are unwilling to provide their citizens with basic human rights. Individuals living in FCAS face health inequities; however, women are disproportionally affected and face additional barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive services, including antenatal care (ANC). This systematic review aims to identify the factors that impact ANC usage in the 37 countries or regions classified as FCAS in 2020 by The World Bank. Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of five databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL) was conducted. Results were limited to human studies, written in English, and published between January 2002 and January 2022. Studies that identified factors affecting utilization of ANC or maternal health services were included for review and critically appraised using the National Institute of Health’s Quality Assessment Tools. Findings were summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Results The database search yielded 26,527 studies. After title, abstract and full-text review, and exclusion of duplicate articles, 121 studies remained. Twenty-eight of the 37 FCAS were represented in the included studies. The studies highlighted that women in FCAS’ are still not meeting the World Health Organization’s 2002 recommendation of four ANC visits during pregnancy, a recommendation which has since been increased to eight visits. The most cited factors impacting ANC were socioeconomic status, education, and poor quality of ANC. Despite all studies being conducted in conflict-affected regions, only nine studies explicitly identified conflict as a direct barrier to accessing ANC. Conclusion This review demonstrated that there is a paucity in the literature examining the direct and indirect impacts of conflict on ANC utilization. Specifically, research should be conducted in the nine FCAS that are not currently represented in the literature. To mitigate the barriers that prevent utilization of maternal health services identified in this review, policy makers, women utilizing ANC, and global organizations should attempt to collaborate to enact policy change at the local level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors impacting antenatal care utilization: a systematic review of 37 fragile and conflict-affected situations

et al. 2022

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“…As per standard measurement concerns, the higher the CC, PSt, and V&Ac, the better the country's condition; however, for FSI and ExI, the higher the rating shows, the worst the country's condition. Fixed Effect methodology has been applied to examine the impact of governance and fragile state indicators on the quality of public institutions OLS (Ordinary Least Square) [ 19 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this study, an insight into selected Asia economies' governance practices and their effects on other countries can be examined in a simplified way [ 17 , 18 ]. In the past study, Bertocchi and Guerzoni [ 19 ] applied the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment and state fragility nexus in African countries, and Nguyen and Vo [ 20 ] discussed the corporate governance in banks in ASEAN; however, no study has explored the further analysis of CPIA in other regions yet, which makes this study interesting and fills the gap. This study tried to fill the gap of the last ten years by covering other regions to make a comprehensive study and focusing on the Sustainable Development Goals that emphasize strengthening the institutional development for state development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do institutional governance and state fragility affect institutional quality in Asian economies?

Miao¹,

Gillani²,

Abbas³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…We capture the institutional dimensions of development by including measures for property rights obtained from the Heritage Foundation, measures of the rule of law obtained from the Worldwide Governance Indicators (2009) and measures of conflicts. In line with the tradition in the literature, notably, Bertocchi & Guerzoni (2012), we proxy conflict by the number of years a country witnessed armed conflicts (data obtained from the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset) and the number of revolutions (data obtained from Banks (2001) dataset).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Religious Diversity and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: So Far So Good

Kodila‐Tedika

Agbor

2014

Journal of African Development

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This paper investigates the effects of religion on a broad set of development outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. We regroup these outcomes into three broad categories, namely, development process outcomes (growth, investment, conflict, and government quality), institutional outcomes (property rights and the rule of law) and social development outcomes (social and gender protection). Using two new measures of religion – religious fractionalization (RELFRAC) and religious polarization (RELPOL), alongside the traditional measure of religious diversity, our results suggest that broadly speaking, religion or religious diversity has no statistically significant impact on the institutional and social aspects of development in sub-Saharan Africa. However, our findings do suggest that religion has important effects on the development process through its effects on investment. The analysis suggests that African policy-makers need to pay attention to the changing religious dynamics and increasing religious polarization of African societies.

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Growth, History, or Institutions? What Explains State Fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Factors impacting antenatal care utilization: a systematic review of 37 fragile and conflict-affected situations

Factors impacting antenatal care utilization: a systematic review of 37 fragile and conflict-affected situations

Do institutional governance and state fragility affect institutional quality in Asian economies?

Religious Diversity and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: So Far So Good

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