Growth Hormone and Sport

Wallace, Jennifer D.; Cuneo, Ross C.

doi:10.1002/9780470757826.ch36

The Endocrine System in Sports and Exercise 2005

DOI: 10.1002/9780470757826.ch36

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Growth Hormone and Sport

Jennifer D. Wallace¹,

Ross C. Cuneo²

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Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and human growth hormone (hGH) interact in the regulation of metabolism and body composition and might enhance performance in several ways [4,9,10]. Studies aiming to examine the effects of insulin, IGF-1, and hGH on athletes are nowadays considered unethical and would be unlikely to receive ethical approval and funding.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response - Letter to the Editors

Petrou¹

2006

Int J Sports Med

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Based on the three inclusion criteria, the rationale of the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods is not only to prevent "cheating" in sport, i.e. unfair performance enhancement by the use of drugs, but also to protect the health of athletes, as well as the spirit of sport, as broad as the latter can be. Therefore, the avoidance of "cheating" should be of equal importance as the protection of health of athletes and the protection of the spirit of sport. According to the World Anti-Doping Code [11] any substance or method compromising two out of the above three criteria should be included in the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods.Narcotics are used in the management of moderate or severe pain and still can be prescribed or provided to athletes because of pressures to perform competitively despite musculoskeletal injuries. It is acknowledged that narcotics can only be obtained with a physician's prescription and used under medical control, making the risks of inadvertent doping very low; however, the same stands for anabolic steroids, erythropoietin and many other substances on the List, which are widely misused.The moderate use of cannabinoids before a competition is, for some athletes, efficient in "permitting the athlete to escape from social pressures and the relief of anxiety and stress" [3] and promotes a happy and euphoric mood state [8]. In this respect, cannabinoids are performance enhancing substances despite their inability to improve performance when examined under laboratory conditions. It is important to note here, that the performance level achieved in the laboratory is always far away from what is found on the field and even the interpretation of the results is quite different (2 or 3 % difference is in most cases not statistically significant at the laboratory while 0.1 or 0.01 % can make a lot of difference in competition). On the other hand, further to their well documented adverse effects [6] cannabinoids can be very serious in dangerous sports that rely on clear minds, quick reactions and split-second timing [3]. The proposal to limit the prohibition of cannabinoids to some concerned sports is not relevant as this will lead quickly to a specific list by International Federations which contradicts the idea of harmonization between all countries and sports (and differs from the possibility of adding some substances at the request of an International Federation; this is strictly reserved to substances without any effects in all the other sports).Glucocorticosteroids improve the symptoms of arthritis or asthma thus improving exercise tolerance. In addition, in a healthy athlete when painful conditions (such as musculoskeletal injuries which are commonly encountered while competing) are treated with corticosteroids, individual's performance can be improved as a direct result of the relief of symptoms [1]. Moreover, the euphoric effect of glucocorticosteroids is documented [1, 2] and known to physicians; this also might be beneficial to athletes. Chronic use of corticosteroids is associate...

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confidence: 99%

Response - Letter to the Editors

Petrou¹

2006

Int J Sports Med

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Insulin-induced changes in ?-adrenergic response: An experimental study in the isolated rat papillary muscle

Ferrara

Abete

Corbi

et al. 2005

American Journal of Hypertension

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Potential benefits of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to athletes

Graham

Baker

Evans

et al. 2009

Growth Hormone & IGF Research

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Growth Hormone and Sport

Cited by 7 publications

References 170 publications

Response - Letter to the Editors

Response - Letter to the Editors

Insulin-induced changes in ?-adrenergic response: An experimental study in the isolated rat papillary muscle

Potential benefits of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to athletes

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