Growth hormone, arginine and exercise

Kanaley, Jill A.

doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3282f2b0ad

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…More recently, in 2008, a review by Kanaley [10] concluded that studies have shown that resting growth hormone responses increase with oral ingestion of L-arginine and the dose range is 5-9 g of arginine [13]. This review also indicated that exercise alone is the more potent stimulator of growth hormone response regardless of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies were done with competitive weightlifters who have been given arginine with another amino acid or a placebo [10,11]. Insulin levels and hGH were measured daily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arginine is another amino acid that is "conditionally essential" during periods of illness and stress. Arginine has been shown to support protein synthesis, improve nitrogen balance and support wound healing [9][10][11]. There is a theory that consuming arginine will raise the blood level of human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competitive Edge: Review of the Role of Glutamine, Arginine and β -Hydroxy- β -Methylbutyrate Supplements for Enhancing Athletic Performance in Addition to Benefiting the Body During Times of Stress, Illness and Wound Healing

Funk¹

2015

JNHFE

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies were done with competitive weightlifters who have been given arginine with another amino acid or a placebo [10,11]. Insulin levels and hGH were measured daily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Competitive Edge: Review of the Role of Glutamine, Arginine and β -Hydroxy- β -Methylbutyrate Supplements for Enhancing Athletic Performance in Addition to Benefiting the Body During Times of Stress, Illness and Wound Healing

Funk¹

2015

JNHFE

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“…Arginine has been shown to support protein synthesis, improve nitrogen balance and support wound healing. [9][10][11] There is a theory that consuming arginine will raise the blood level of human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin. The performance advantage would be that increases in these two hormones (hGH and insulin) would help build more body mass by natural growth (accretion) and the decrease of body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Untitled

2015

JNHFE

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Abbreviations: HMB, β-hydroxy-β-mehtylbutyrate; hGH, human growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin growth factor 1; LBM, lean body mass; GHB, gamma hydroxybutyrate; PIF, proteolysis-inducing factor IntroductionGlutamine, arginine and beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) are dietary supplements that may enhance athletic performance. Many sports competitions are won by a fraction of a second, so it is not surprising that athletes want to try the latest nutritional supplements to give them that competitive edge. Glutamine, arginine and HMB are just a few of many supplements that can aid performance. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body that our muscles make, store and release at a high rate. This building block for proteins has many functions in the body. Glutamine serves as a major fuel source for the cells that protect us from disease and aid our immune system. It supports protein synthesis, regulates nitrogen metabolism in catabolic states, preserves muscle glutamine and supports gut integrity. [1][2][3][4] During stress (clinical trauma, starvation, or prolonged, strenuous exercise) the concentration of glutamine in blood is decreased.Because of drops in glutamine levels during times of stress, surgery, injury, and serious illness, it is "conditionally essential" or needed in greater amounts during these conditions. Prolonged endurance exercise like a marathon or triathlon, may also decrease our body's glutamine levels in our muscles and blood. Over trained athletes have been found to have significantly decreased blood concentrations of glutamine when compared with non-over trained athletes.In theory, glutamine supplementation will enhance immune function, decrease the risk of infection, and help to prevent overtraining syndrome. The benefits of glutamine supplementation in sick patients who have had major trauma or surgery have been well established. However, the benefits of glutamine supplementation for athletes during heavy training have not been definitive. A study by Castell and Newsholme 5 looked at the effects of feeding glutamine both at rest in sedentary controls and after exhaustive exercise in middledistance, marathon and ultra-marathon runners as well as elite rowers during both training and competition. Questionnaires established the incidence of infection for 7d after exercise: infection levels were highest in marathon and ultra-marathon runners, and in elite male rowers after intensive training. They found that the glutamine group showed fewer infections compared to the placebo group.In another study by Castell 6 published in 2002, he concluded that: "Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor has been found to decrease the incidence of illness in endurance athletes. At present, it has not been established precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression (suppression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise)". However, evidence indicates that neutrophils might be implicated instead of lymphocytes as previously...

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Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used γ‐Hydroxybutyrate

White

2016

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a common drug of abuse and poses important health risks to users in the form of respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, or traumatic adverse events. GHB has non-dose-proportional effects and pharmacologic effects such as sedation and retrograde amnesia, which can incapacitate people targeted for assault. It has Krebs cycle metabolism, rapid clearance, relative hydrophilicity, and unique drug interactions. Promptly seeking medical attention during intentional or inadvertent overdose is critical to survival, as is prompt supportive care once medical personnel are alerted. People drugged before assault also need to promptly notify authorities because the period to detect the drug in the urine or blood is brief and the ultimate metabolites are carbon dioxide and water. After acute treatment has passed, withdrawal could be severe in chronic abusers that could harm the patient directly or drive them back into reuse.

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Growth hormone, arginine and exercise

Cited by 52 publications

References 51 publications

Competitive Edge: Review of the Role of Glutamine, Arginine and β -Hydroxy- β -Methylbutyrate Supplements for Enhancing Athletic Performance in Addition to Benefiting the Body During Times of Stress, Illness and Wound Healing

Competitive Edge: Review of the Role of Glutamine, Arginine and β -Hydroxy- β -Methylbutyrate Supplements for Enhancing Athletic Performance in Addition to Benefiting the Body During Times of Stress, Illness and Wound Healing

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Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used γ‐Hydroxybutyrate

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