Growth Hormone Effects on Protein Metabolism

Møller, Niels; Copeland, Kenneth C.; Nair, Muralidharan

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2006.11.001

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Because MHD patients have little or no renal function, this side effect is not considered likely to occur. GH in high levels may induce acromegaly (8). At the GH dose that will be used in the OPPORTUNITY TM Trial, this side effect is not reported to occur, and it has not been described in previous studies of GH treatment in MHD patients (Table 3).…”

Section: Safety Aspects Of Ghmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The effects of GH vary according to whether the patient is fasting or fed. GH exerts its actions, in part, by stimulating the secretion of IGF-I, but GH also has direct, IGF-I-independent effects, including stimulation of gluconeogenesis and lipolysis (8,(25)(26)(27). Individuals with advanced CKD may be resistant to GH, which may be the result of decreased GH receptors and/or postgrowth hormone receptor defects (28 -30) and also to decreased bioavailability and resistance to the actions of IGF-I (31,32).…”

Section: Effects Of Gh In Normal Individuals and People With Advancedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth hormone (GH) has extensive metabolic and, in par-ticular, protein anabolic effects (8), a number of which have also been demonstrated in MHD or chronic peritoneal dialysis patients (9 -23). Most of these studies were performed on small numbers of patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kopple¹,

Cheung²,

Christiansen³

et al. 2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Background: The mortality rate of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients remains high. Measures of protein-energy wasting, including hypoalbuminemia, are strongly associated with their high mortality. Growth hormone (GH) may improve lean body mass (LBM) and serum albumin levels, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which are significantly and positively associated with survival in MHD patients. The OPPORTUNITY TM Trial will examine whether GH reduces mortality and morbidity and improves overall health in hypoalbuminemic MHD patients.Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis is that daily recombinant human GH injections, compared with placebo, improve survival in hypoalbuminemic MHD patients. Secondary hypotheses are that GH improves morbidity and health, including number of hospitalized days, time to cardiovascular events, LBM, serum protein and inflammatory marker levels, exercise capacity, and HRQoL, and has a favorable safety profile.Design/Measurements: This is a prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving 2500 MHD patients, up to 50% with diabetes mellitus, from 22 countries. Patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive daily injections of GH (20 g/kg per day) or placebo for 104 weeks. Key inclusion criteria include clinically stable and well-dialyzed (Kt/V >1.2) adult MHD patients with serum albumin <4.0 g/dl. Exclusion criteria include active malignancy, active proliferative or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, uncontrolled hypertension, chronic use of high-dose glucocorticoids, or immunosuppressive agents and pregnancy.Conclusions: The OPPORTUNITY TM Trial is the first large-scale randomized clinical trial in adult MHD patients evaluating the response to GH of such clinical endpoints as mortality, morbidity, markers of body protein mass, inflammation, exercise capacity, and HRQoL.

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Section: Safety Aspects Of Ghmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Effects Of Gh In Normal Individuals and People With Advancedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kopple¹,

Cheung²,

Christiansen³

et al. 2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Although the liver is believed to be the principal source of circulating IGF-I, IGF-I seems to be synthesized in most organs and released by paracrine as well as autocrine mechanisms (45). GH plays a major role in controlling longitudinal growth in children and is generally regarded as an anabolic factor, yet it has both anabolic and catabolic actions on different tissues in the human body (49,59). For example, GH stimulates protein synthesis in muscle (109a), whereas in fat tissue it promotes lipolysis (49).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, growth hormone and weight loss

Rasmussen

2010

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

105

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Growth hormone (GH) is the most important hormonal regulator of postnatal longitudinal growth in man. In adults GH is no longer needed for longitudinal growth. Adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are characterised by perturbations in body composition, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk profile and bone mineral density. It is well established that adult GHD usually is accompanied by an increase in fat accumulation and GH replacement in adult patients with GHD results in reduction of fat mass and abdominal fat mass in particular. It is also recognized that obesity and abdominal obesity in particular results in a secondary reduction in GH secretion and subnormal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. The recovery of the GH IGF-I axis after weight loss suggest an acquired defect, however, the pathophysiologic role of GH in obesity is yet to be fully understood. In clinical studies examining the efficacy of GH in obese subjects very little or no effect are observed with respect to weight loss, whereas GH seems to reduce total and abdominal fat mass in obese subjects. The observed reductions in abdominal fat mass are modest and similar to what can be achieved by diet or exercise interventions.

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“…Mobilization of FFA from the adipose tissue contributes to the reduction of body weight and decrease of the adipose tissue volume (Etherton, 2000;Nam et al, 2001;Pasarica et al, 2007). GH also causes the reduction of cholesterol concentration in the plasma, stimulates the conversion of fatty acids to acetyl coenzyme A, exhibits ketogenic effects, leading to the increase of the ketone bodies concentration in the blood (ketosis) and their increased excretion in the urine (Manson, Wilmore, 1986;Møller et al, 1990;Nam et al, 2001;Møller et al, 2007;Vijayakumar et al, 2010;Palakawong, Arakaki, 2012). Somatotropin also conditions the proper differentiation and maturation of adipocytes (Nam, Lobie, 2000;Farnier et al, 2003).…”

Section: Hormone Of Growth Only?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone and growth hormone gene of the American mink (Neovison vison) – the current state of knowledge of one of the key hormones in one of the most intensively economically exploited species

Skorupski

2017

Acta Biologica

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Growth Hormone Effects on Protein Metabolism

Cited by 27 publications

References 91 publications

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Obesity, growth hormone and weight loss

Growth hormone and growth hormone gene of the American mink (Neovison vison) – the current state of knowledge of one of the key hormones in one of the most intensively economically exploited species

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