Growth hormone increases neural cell adhesion polysialylation state in the dentate gyrus of γ‐irradiated rats

Merino, Jaime; Largo, Carlota; Caz, Victor; Ibarra, L Saez-De; Posadas, S; Miguel, Enrique de

doi:10.1002/syn.20945

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Most of the research into chemokines has been carried out in rodent models, studying the ectopic migration and neural differentiation of SVZ-derived NPCs following the neural damage produced by cerebral ischemia Lindvall et al, 2004;Lichtenwalner and Parent, 2006). In these models, the enhanced NPC motility induced by chemokines and growth factors guides neuroblasts from the SVZ/RMS toward the damaged areas in the CNS (Merino et al, 2008(Merino et al, , 2011bTurbic et al, 2011), with CXCR4 co-localizing with PSA-NCAM in the migrating cortical neurons (Merino et al, 2008). Some chemokines have anti-apoptotic effects and they promote neurogenesis in rodent models of cerebral ischemia Liu et al, 2007Liu et al, , 2008aMerino et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Which Signals Induce Npc Migration Toward Damaged Areas Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair

Merino

Bellver-Landete

Oset-Gasque

et al. 2014

Journal Cellular Physiology

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In the adult brain, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus and the olfactory bulb. Following CNS insult, NPCs from the SVZ can migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS), a migration of NPCs that is directed by proinflammatory cytokines. Cells expressing CXCR4 follow a homing signal that ultimately leads to neuronal integration and CNS repair, although such molecules can also promote NPC quiescence. The ligand, SDF1 alpha (or CXCL12) is one of the chemokines secreted at sites of injury that it is known to attract NSC-derived neuroblasts, cells that express CXCR4. In function of its concentration, CXCL12 can induce different responses, promoting NPC migration at low concentrations while favoring cell adhesion via EGF and the alpha 6 integrin at high CXCL12 concentrations. However, the preclinical effectiveness of chemokines and their relationship with NPC mobilization requires further study, particularly with respect to CNS repair. NPC migration may also be affected by the release of cytokines or chemokines induced by local inflammation, through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, as well as through erythropoietin (EPO) or nitric oxide (NO) release. CXCL12 activity requires G-coupled proteins and the availability of its ligand may be modulated by its binding to CXCR7, for which it shows a stronger affinity than for CXCR4.

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Section: Which Signals Induce Npc Migration Toward Damaged Areas Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair

Merino

Bellver-Landete

Oset-Gasque

et al. 2014

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…Since these exosomes were released by neuroblastoma cells, we suggest that this effect can result from the degradation of polySia chains and/or the detachment of the polySia from the exosomal membrane protein, NCAM. It has been previously shown that radiation reduces the NCAM polysialylation state in the hippocampal region of the brain in comparison with control nonradiated animals [61]. The physicochemical properties of exosomes can be modulated through manipulation of sialic acid residues, as excess sialylation has been shown to modify vesicle charge [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome‐associated polysialic acid modulates membrane potentials, membrane thermotropic properties, and raft‐dependent interactions between vesicles

et al. 2020

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In mammals, polysialic acid (polySia) attached to a small number of transmembrane protein carriers occurs on the surface of plasma membranes of neural, cancer, immune, and placental trophoblast cells. Here, our goal was to demonstrate the presence of polySia on exosomes and its effect on membrane properties. We isolated exosomes and found that polysialylated exosomes in fetal bovine serum originate mostly from placental trophoblasts, while in calf bovine serum, they originate from immune cells. Enzymatic removal of polySia chains from the exosomal surface makes the membrane surface potential more positive, transmembrane potential more negative, and reduces the activation energy for membrane anisotropy changes. We demonstrate for the first time that exosomes could interact through polySia-raft interactions. We suggest that polysialylation of exosomal membrane can have a thermo-protecting effect and can modulate exosome-plasma membrane interactions.Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs), 50 Ä 150 nm in diameter, that originate from the endosome and are released from cells when multivesicular bodies (MVBs) containing intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) fuse with the plasma membrane. Microvesicles (100 Ä 1000 nm in diameter) are larger than exosomes and are released from cells through blebbing (budding out) and fission of the plasma membrane. There is a small overlap of exosomes and microvesicles concerning their size; however, vesicles within the diameter range of 50 Ä 100 nm are considered as exosomes. In addition to exosomes and microvesicles, there are also other nonvesicular nanoparticles in the body fluids, for example, lipoproteins and their complexes [1]. Exosomes are mainly recovered after high-speed ultracentrifugation, but such preparations may include the smallest non-EV structures, for example, high-density lipoprotein (5 Ä 35 nm in diameter) [1]. However, lipoproteins can be separated from exosomes by gel filtration method using appropriate matrix [2,3]. Exosomes are involved in mammalian pathophysiology including cancer, immune responses, cardiovascular diseases, regeneration, and stem cell-based therapy (reviewed in ref. [4]). Exosomes in cancer seem to be Abbreviations ANS, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid ammonium salt

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Growth hormone increases neural cell adhesion polysialylation state in the dentate gyrus of γ‐irradiated rats

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair

CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair

Exosome‐associated polysialic acid modulates membrane potentials, membrane thermotropic properties, and raft‐dependent interactions between vesicles

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