Growth hormone therapy is associated with improved uterine dimensions in girls with Turner syndrome prior to oestrogen replacement

Abstract

BackgroundAdult women with Turner syndrome (TS) have high rates of miscarriage, presumably due to the abnormal size and shape of the uterus. There is a paucity of data regarding the determinants of uterine volume (UtVol) in young girls with TS before the initiation of oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT).MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study on premenarchal girls with TS, aged 5–15 years, pubertal stage B1–B3, not having received ERT (n = 73) and 50 age‐matched healthy controls. Anthropometric parameters and a history of growth hormone (GH) therapy (≥1 year) were noted. Uterine length (UtL), UtVol, and mean‐ovarian‐volume (MOV) standard‐deviation scores (SDS) were determined from transabdominal ultrasonography data.ResultsGirls with TS had lower median UtVol‐SDS (−1.07 vs. 0.86; p < .001), UtL‐SDS (−3.72 vs. −0.41; p < .001) and MOV‐SDS (−5.53 vs. 1.96; p < .001) compared to age‐matched controls. Among TS girls, recipients of GH (n = 38) had higher UtVol‐SDS (−0.63 vs. −1.39; p = .0001), UtL‐SDS (−1.73 vs. −6.49; p < .0001) but similar MOV‐SDS compared to nonrecipients (n = 35). Those with normal uterine volume for age (NUVA, n = 29) had earlier initiation (7.8 vs. 9.3 years; p = .03) and a longer duration of GH (3.71 vs. 2.14 years; p = .002) than those with low UtVol for age (n = 44). UtVol‐SDS correlated with duration of GH (ρ = 0.411, p = .01) and negatively with age at GH initiation (ρ = −0.479, p = .003). In a model adjusted for pubertal status, karyotype and height‐SDS, GH use could independently predict having NUVA (odds ratio: 5.09, confidence interval: 1.63–15.94, p = .005).ConclusionGH therapy has a stimulatory effect on uterine dimensions in pre‐and peripubertal girls with TS. Earlier initiation and longer duration of GH is important in TS girls before ERT.