Growth kinetics, fatty acid composition and metabolic activity changes of Crypthecodinium cohnii under different nitrogen source and concentration

Safdar, Waseem; Shamoon, Muhammad; Zan, Xinyi; Haider, Junaid; Sharif, Hafiz Rizwan; Shoaib, Muhammad; Song, Yuanda

doi:10.1186/s13568-017-0384-3

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In general, any oleaginous microorganism channels excess carbon toward the accumulation of triacylglycerol under conditions in which a key nutrient (such as nitrogen) is exhausted. However, in a different study with some marine and freshwater species such as Crypthecodinium cohnii and C. sorokiniana , it was suggested that the lipid accumulation may not be due to exhaustion of a nutrient but also due to the excess carbon in the culture medium [ 39 , 40 ]. The accumulation of lipid in oleaginous microorganisms is not only dependent on the lipid-synthesizing enzymes associated with nitrogen starvation but also on the cessation of other enzymes involved in cell growth and proliferation [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic cultivation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides using forest biomass as a feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production

Patel

Μάτσακας

Rova

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundThe aim of this work was to establish a process for the heterotrophic growth of green microalgae using forest biomass hydrolysates. To provide a carbon source for the growth of the green microalgae, two forest biomasses (Norway spruce and silver birch) were pretreated with a hybrid organosolv-steam explosion method, resulting in inhibitor-free pretreated solids with a high cellulose content of 77.9% w/w (birch) and 72% w/w (spruce). Pretreated solids were hydrolyzed using commercial cellulolytic enzymes to produce hydrolysate for the culture of algae.ResultsThe heterotrophic growth of A. protothecoides was assessed using synthetic medium with glucose as carbon source, where the effect of sugar concentration and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were optimized, resulting in accumulation of lipids at 5.42 ± 0.32 g/L (64.52 ± 0.53% lipid content) after 5 days of culture on glucose at 20 g/L. The use of birch and spruce hydrolysates was favorable for the growth and lipid accumulation of the algae, resulting in lipid production of 5.65 ± 0.21 g/L (66 ± 0.33% lipid content) and 5.28 ± 0.17 g/L (63.08 ± 0.71% lipid content) when grown on birch and spruce, respectively, after only 120 h of cultivation.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of using organosolv pretreated wood biomass hydrolysates for the growth and lipid production of microalgae in the literature. The pretreatment process used in this study provided high saccharification of biomass without the presence of inhibitors. Moreover, the lipid profile of this microalga showed similar contents to vegetable oils which improve the biodiesel properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic cultivation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides using forest biomass as a feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production

Patel

Μάτσακας

Rova

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Placing emphasis on differences among the microorganisms and aiming for the most suitable metabolic spot leads to improvements in lipid yields and modification of lipid profiles. The wild-type strains can be modified to improve the lipid accumulation by using the recent metabolic engineering tools [77,161,[228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237]. The methods of metabolic engineering technology interfere at parts or whole of the proteome, lipidome, transcriptome, genome, and metabolome of microorganisms.…”

Section: Application Of Metabolic Engineering Technologies To Improvementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Potential Oleaginous Microorganisms and Their Role in Biodiesel and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Based Industries

et al. 2020

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Microorganisms are known to be natural oil producers in their cellular compartments. Microorganisms that accumulate more than 20% w/w of lipids on a cell dry weight basis are considered as oleaginous microorganisms. These are capable of synthesizing vast majority of fatty acids from short hydrocarbonated chain (C6) to long hydrocarbonated chain (C36), which may be saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), depending on the presence and number of double bonds in hydrocarbonated chains. Depending on the fatty acid profile, the oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are utilized as feedstock for either biodiesel production or as nutraceuticals. Mainly microalgae, bacteria, and yeasts are involved in the production of biodiesel, whereas thraustochytrids, fungi, and some of the microalgae are well known to be producers of very long-chain PUFA (omega-3 fatty acids). In this review article, the type of oleaginous microorganisms and their expertise in the field of biodiesel or omega-3 fatty acids, advances in metabolic engineering tools for enhanced lipid accumulation, upstream and downstream processing of lipids, including purification of biodiesel and concentration of omega-3 fatty acids are reviewed.

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“…Interestingly, these exogenous oxidant stresses induce significantly of the lipid accumulation, especially triacylglycerol (TAG) which is suitable used as biodiesel feedstock (15). On the other hand, Safdar et al (16) revealed that during the extended nitrogen starvation, enzymes of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are downregulated whereas enzymes of lipid biosynthesis are upregulated. This in turn redirect substrate of citrate from TCA cycle to lipid biosynthesis ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Macronutrients Affecting Microalgal Growth and Biochemical Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient effect on biomass of Microalgae in biofuel production: A review

lowast¹,

Tan²,

Wong³

2020

IJST

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Objectives: This review is focused on the effect of macronutrients (nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus) on biomass production of microalgae especially concerned with biofuel. Methodology: The keyword search included "microalgae cultivation", "nitrogen sources", "phosphorus sources", "organic carbon", "biodiesel", "biofuel", "carbon dioxide", "inorganic carbon", "macronutrient deprivation", "macronutrient limitation", "lipid" and "organic waste" to search the published journals in ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar. The search was performed from December 2019 until Mac 2020 to collect all the journals and books that are published between 2006 and 2020. The effect of each macronutrient (nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus) on microalgal growth of the control and the samples were compared using biomass productivity, concentration and biochemical content in each published article. Findings: Review shows that nitrogen has more pernicious effect than other macronutrients on most microalgal growth and lipid production. The concentrations and types of macronutrients have remarkable effects on the growth of microalgae; hence these criteria must be chosen scrupulously to achieve the desired biomass and metabolite production. In order to improve the biomass and biochemical productivity in concomitant with the cost reduction, replacement of cheap organic waste, genetic engineering of microalgae and two-stage hybrid system have been suggested to simultaneously maximize the biomass and biochemical production. The future research should focus on other biochemical contents such as carbohydrates, proteins and pigment to achieve the biorefinery context which can increase the profit. Besides, economic factor such as factorial design should be included in the future research to obtain the best combined factors with the maximum profit and minimal cost.

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Growth kinetics, fatty acid composition and metabolic activity changes of Crypthecodinium cohnii under different nitrogen source and concentration

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Heterotrophic cultivation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides using forest biomass as a feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production

Heterotrophic cultivation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides using forest biomass as a feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production

An Overview of Potential Oleaginous Microorganisms and Their Role in Biodiesel and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Based Industries

Macronutrient effect on biomass of Microalgae in biofuel production: A review

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