Growth mechanism of Ti3SiC2 single crystals by in-situ reaction of polycarbosilane and metal titanium with CaF2 additive

Luo, Yongming; Zheng, Zhen; Mei, Xuening; Xu, Caihong

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.04.036

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While hot-pressing has remained an important method for bulk synthesis [203,204,205,206,207,208] for research purposes, pressureless sintering [209,210,211,212,213,214,215] may be more commercially viable. Other methods for processing of bulk MAX phases are variations of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis [216,217,218,219,220], spark plasma sintering [221,222,223,224,225] or pulse discharge sintering [226,227,228,229,230,231], and solidliquid reaction synthesis [232,233,234]. Recent innovative approaches to bulk synthesis include three-dimensional printing [235], the use of Al or Sn, respectively, as catalysts for growth of 38 Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 3 AlC 2 [210,236,237], and design of crystalline precursors for solid phase reaction synthesis [238].…”

Section: Bulk Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example is shown in Fig. 10, adapted from Luo et al [234], who synthesized Ti 3 SiC 2 by solid-liquid reaction. These "freely grown" Ti 3 SiC 2 grains [234] are on the micrometer scale corresponding to the early stages of growth of bulk single crystals.…”

Section: Growth Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…10, adapted from Luo et al [234], who synthesized Ti 3 SiC 2 by solid-liquid reaction. These "freely grown" Ti 3 SiC 2 grains [234] are on the micrometer scale corresponding to the early stages of growth of bulk single crystals. In general, the growth morphology of a crystal is determined by the relative growth rates of all possible faces, i.e., the faces with the lowest growth rate will determine the morphology.…”

Section: Growth Modementioning

confidence: 99%

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The M+1AX phases: Materials science and thin-film processing

et al. 2010

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This article is a critical review of the M n+1 AX n phases ("MAX phases", where n =1, 2, or 3) from a materials science perspective. MAX phases are a class of hexagonal-structure ternary carbides and nitrides ("X") of a transition metal ("M") and an A-group element. The most well known are Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 SiC 2 , and Ti 4 AlN 3 . There are ~60 MAX phases with at least 9 discovered in the last five years alone. What makes the MAX phases fascinating and potentially useful is their remarkable combination of chemical, physical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which in many ways combine the characteristics of metals and ceramics. For example, MAX phases are typically resistant to oxidation and corrosion, elastically stiff, but at the same time they exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivities and are machinable. These properties stem from an inherently nanolaminated crystal structure, with M n+1 X n slabs intercalated with pure A-element layers. The research on MAX phases has been accelerated by the introduction of thin-film processing methods.Magnetron sputtering and arc deposition have been employed to synthesize single-crystal material by epitaxial growth, which enables studies of fundamental materials properties. However, the surface-initiated decomposition of M n+1 AX n thin films into MX compounds at temperatures of 1000-1100 °C is much lower than the decomposition temperatures typically reported for the corresponding bulk material. We also review the prospects for low-temperature synthesis, which is essential for deposition of MAX phases onto technologically important substrates. While deposition of MAX phases from the archetypical Ti-Si-C and Ti-Al-N systems typically require synthesis temperatures of ~800 °C, recent results have demonstrated that V 2 GeC and Cr 2 AlC can be deposited at ~450 °C. Also, thermal spray of Ti 2 AlC powder has been used to produce thick coatings. We further treat progress in the use of first-principles calculations for predicting hypothetical MAX phases and their properties. Together with advances in processing and materials 3 analysis, this progress has led to recent discoveries of numerous new MAX phases such as Ti 4 SiC 3 , Ta 4 AlC 3 , and Ti 3 SnC 2 . Finally, important future research directions are discussed. These include charting the unknown regions in phase diagrams to discover new equilibrium and metastable phases, as well as research challenges in understanding their physical properties, such as the effects of anisotropy, impurities, and vacancies on the electrical properties, and unexplored properties such as superconductivity, magnetism, and optics. 4

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Section: Bulk Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Modementioning

confidence: 99%

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The M+1AX phases: Materials science and thin-film processing

et al. 2010

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“…1 could be done effectively and almost routinely were a single crystal sample of the material was available. MAX phase single crystals exist [22], but as they measure only a few microns their use in experimentation is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mn+1AXn Phonon Density of States: Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2 Simulation and Experimentation Results

Gray¹,

Kearley²,

Kirstein³

et al. 2015

JCCE

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Abstract:For the first time detailed measurements of the DOS (density of states) for Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 SiC 2 are presented at temperatures between T = 10 and 100 K. For Ti 3 AlC 2 a DFT (density functional theory) simulation of lattice dynamics is compared to experimental data demonstrating a noticeable difference between the spectra especially below 40 meV. In the case of Ti 3 SiC 2 the DFT model is augmented with MD (molecular dynamics) simulations resulting in the measured and simulated spectra resembling one another more closely but still having significant differences below 40 meV. Within the experimental spectra, there are features up to and including 20 meV which are unaccounted for by the simulation. Tracing individual atoms generated by the computer models suggests anharmonic motion of Si within the Ti 3 SiC 2 . The results presented could explain differences between calculated elastic moduli using DFT harmonic lattice dynamics simulations and results from recent experiments.

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“…Polycarbosilane (PCS), as a precursor of SiC, has been applied in the fabrication of other materials such as the ZrB 2 –SiC composite, 12 Al 4 SiC 4 bulk materials 13 . Yongming et al 14–16 have attempted to prepare Ti 3 SiC 2 materials by the in situ reaction of PCS and metal titanium (Ti). In these studies, it was observed that high‐purity Ti 3 SiC 2 bulk materials could be obtained by the HP process 14 and Ti 3 SiC 2 single crystals were fabricated by the in situ reaction of PCS and Ti with a CaF 2 additive 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of High‐Purity Ti₃SiC₂Powders by an In Situ Reaction of Polycarbosilane and Metal Titanium

Yang

Dong

Ding

et al. 2010

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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High‐purity titanium silicon carbide powders were fabricated by an in situ reaction of polycarbosilane and metal titanium. The effects of the starting reagents and the pyrolysis temperature on the fabrication of high‐purity Ti3SiC2 were studied. The results showed that high‐purity Ti3SiC2 could be obtained when the atomic ratio of Ti:Si was 3:1.5 and the effect of the temperature of pyrolysis on the purity of the powders was insignificant. The atomic ratio of Ti:Si was calculated on the basis of the empirical formula of SiC2.5H7.

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Growth mechanism of Ti3SiC2 single crystals by in-situ reaction of polycarbosilane and metal titanium with CaF2 additive

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

The M+1AX phases: Materials science and thin-film processing

The M+1AX phases: Materials science and thin-film processing

Mn+1AXn Phonon Density of States: Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2 Simulation and Experimentation Results

Fabrication of High‐Purity Ti₃SiC₂Powders by an In Situ Reaction of Polycarbosilane and Metal Titanium

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Growth mechanism of Ti3SiC2 single crystals by in-situ reaction of polycarbosilane and metal titanium with CaF2 additive

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

The M+1AX phases: Materials science and thin-film processing

The M+1AX phases: Materials science and thin-film processing

Mn+1AXn Phonon Density of States: Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2 Simulation and Experimentation Results

Fabrication of High‐Purity Ti3SiC2Powders by an In Situ Reaction of Polycarbosilane and Metal Titanium

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Product

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Fabrication of High‐Purity Ti₃SiC₂Powders by an In Situ Reaction of Polycarbosilane and Metal Titanium