Growth mode of ultrathin copper overlayers on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(110)

Diebold, Ulrike; Pan, Jianmei; Madey, Theodore E.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.47.3868

Cited by 188 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Here a weak interaction between the metal and the oxide layer results in a low activation energy barrier for metal migration, even at temperatures well below the melting point of the metal. 6,7 In thin film deposition the growth of nanostructured surfaces depends on the growth mode. Layer-by-layer or two-dimensional ͑2D͒ growth is called the Frank-Van der Merwe mode, 8 3D island growth occurs in the so-called Volmer-Weber mode, 7,9 and initial 2D growth of a few monolayers thick wetting layer, followed by 3D growth, is referred to as the Stranski-Krastanow mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 In thin film deposition the growth of nanostructured surfaces depends on the growth mode. Layer-by-layer or two-dimensional ͑2D͒ growth is called the Frank-Van der Merwe mode, 8 3D island growth occurs in the so-called Volmer-Weber mode, 7,9 and initial 2D growth of a few monolayers thick wetting layer, followed by 3D growth, is referred to as the Stranski-Krastanow mode. 10 The growth mode that occurs is influenced by the relative weight of the free enthalpy of the substrate surface, that of the surface of the film, and of the interface between the film and the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films

2005

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The mechanisms controlling the nanostructuring of thin metal-on-oxide films by nanosecond pulsed excimer lasers are investigated. When permitted by the interfacial energetics, the breakup of the metal film into nanoscale islands is observed. A range of metals ͑Au, Ag, Mo, Ni, Ti, and Zn͒ with differing physical and thermodynamic properties, and differing tendencies for oxide formation, are investigated. The nature of the interfacial metal-substrate interaction, the thermal conductivity of the substrate, and the initial thickness of the metal film are all shown to be of importance when discussing the mechanism for nanoscale island formation under high fluence irradiation. It is postulated that the resulting nanoparticle size distribution is influenced by the surface roughness of the initial film and the Rayleigh instability criterion. The results obtained are compared with simulations of the heat transfer through the film in order to further elucidate the mechanisms. The results are expected to be applicable to the laser induced melting of a large range of different materials, where poor wetting of substrate by the liquid phase is observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films

2005

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“…The more reactive is the metal, the more bidimensional is the islands' growth. 25 Thus, the observed 3D growth of Au on the ZnO thin films surfaces could be due to the reduced reactivity of Au to oxygen. In other studies the existence of a critical coverage at which the growth mode switches from two-to three-dimensional islands was reported for Cu on ZnO, 26 and for Au on TiO 2 surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology evolution and local electric properties of Au nanoparticles on ZnO thin films

György

Santiso

Figueras

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report the sequential two-step pulsed laser deposition of nanostructures consisting of ZnO thin films covered with Au nanoparticles. Zn and Au targets were alternatively submitted to pulses generated by a frequency tripled Nd:yttrium aluminium garnet ͑ = 355 nm, ϳ 10 ns, =10 Hz͒ laser. The ZnO films were synthesized in 20 Pa oxygen pressure, whereas the subsequent Au coverage was applied in vacuum. The dynamics of Au nanoparticles grown on the ZnO thin-films surface was studied by atomic force microscopy as a function of number of laser pulses applied for the ablation of the Au target. The nanoparticle diameters increase with the number of laser pulses while their height decreases. The local electric properties of the uncoated ͑reference͒ and coated with Au ZnO thin films was investigated by current sensing mode atomic force microscopy.

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“…Metals which possess high heats of formation of the oxide react strongly with the substrate and produce flat 'wetting layers'. The heats of formation of the oxide, -∆H, are ~ 5.2 eV for Ti and 2.49 eV for Ni [6]. Since the value of -∆H for Ni is about half that of Ti, the growth of Ni will result in little interaction with the substrate.…”

Section: Thermal Annealing Of Thin Metal Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Three Dimensional Ni Nanostructures for Large Area Catalysts

et al. 2004

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The formation of Ni nanostructures to act as catalysts in the growth of carbon nanotubes is reported. The changes in the surface morphology of Ni produced by three methods -thermal evaporation and annealing of thin films, pulsed laser ablation and annealing of Ni, and the use of metal containing macromolecules -have been investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the case of thermal annealing of thin metal films in the temperature range 300-500 o C we observe an increase in the mean diameter of the islands formed, accompanied by a reduction in the mean island density with increasing temperature. We attribute this effect to mass transport of weakly bound individual Ni atoms and/or small island clusters across the surface to form larger isolated islands, in a process similar to Ostwald ripening. Using a pulsed KrF excimer laser for ablation of a Ni target we show that nanometre smooth Ni thin films can be produced provided a sufficient number of laser shots is used. The surface morphology of these smooth films can then be altered by laser annealing to form Ni droplets. It is found that the mean diameter of the Ni droplets depends not only on the initial Ni thickness but also the laser fluence. It is also found that the nanostructuring of the film depends on the presence of an oxide under layer, with a higher fluence required on thinner oxides and no nanostructuring observed on bare Si. Finally, we show that Ni nanostructuring can be formed by suitable annealing of a Ni containing aqueous dendrimer solutions.

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Growth mode of ultrathin copper overlayers onTiO2(110)

Cited by 188 publications

References 31 publications

Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films

Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films

Morphology evolution and local electric properties of Au nanoparticles on ZnO thin films

Formation of Three Dimensional Ni Nanostructures for Large Area Catalysts

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