Growth, mortality, and mating group size of an androdioecious barnacle: implications for the evolution of dwarf males

Ewers‐Saucedo, Christine; Arendt, Michael D.; Wares, John P.; Rittschof, Daniel

doi:10.1163/1937240x-00002318

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Indeed, the mortality rate of C. testudinaria is higher than in other barnacle species with purely hermaphroditic sexual systems (Ewers‐Saucedo et al . ). We propose that sex‐specific life history is responsible for the maintenance of androdioecy in C. testudinaria .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Instead, males may increase their relative fitness via life‐history traits, most likely through maturing earlier than hermaphrodites (Crisp ; Ewers‐Saucedo et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…All barnacles attached to blue crab and horseshoe crab hosts were removed and stored in 95% ethanol. Given the size of blue crabs and horseshoe crabs, we considered all mature hermaphrodites attached to the same host individual as part of the potential mating group (Ewers-Saucedo et al 2015). For loggerhead sea turtle hosts, we collected at most one isolated cluster of barnacles per host individual; each cluster was considered a potential mating group.…”

Section: Field Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Males in the system are dwarfed and attached to larger hermaphrodites (Zardus & Hadfield ; Ewers‐Saucedo et al . ). The sex determination mechanism is undetermined (Crisp ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Chelonibia testudinaria, now synonymous with C. patula (Ranzani 1818) and C. manati Gruvel 1903(Cheang et al 2013Zardus et al 2014), occurs circumtropically on turtles, manatees, crabs and horseshoe crabs (Hayashi 2013). Males in the system are dwarfed and attached to larger hermaphrodites (Zardus & Hadfield 2004;Ewers-Saucedo et al 2015). The sex determination mechanism is undetermined (Crisp 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The unexpected mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus 1758)

2016

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Androdioecy was first described by Darwin in his seminal work on barnacle diversity; he identified males and hermaphrodites in the same reproductive population. Today, we realize that many androdioecious plants and animals share astonishing similarities, particularly with regard to their evolutionary history and mating system. Notably, these species were ancestrally dioecious, and their mating system has the following characteristics: hermaphrodites self-fertilize frequently, males are more successful in large mating groups, and males have a mating advantage. A male mating advantage makes androdioecy more likely to persist over evolutionary times. Androdioecious barnacles, however, appear to persist as an outlier with a different evolutionary trajectory: they originate from hermaphroditic species. Although sexual systems of androdioecious barnacles are known, no information on the mating system of androdioecious barnacles is available. This study assessed the mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria. In contrast to other androdioecious species, C. testudinaria does not self-fertilize, males do not have a mating advantage over hermaphrodites, and the average mating group is quite small, averaging only three individuals. Mating success is increased by proximity to the mate and penis length. Taken together, the mating system of C. testudinaria is unusual in comparison with other androdioecious plants and animals, and the lack of a male mating advantage suggests that the mating system alone does not provide an explanation for the maintenance of androdioecy in this species. Instead, we propose that sex-specific life history equalizes male and hermaphroditic overall fitness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Instead, males may increase their relative fitness via life‐history traits, most likely through maturing earlier than hermaphrodites (Crisp ; Ewers‐Saucedo et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Field Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Males in the system are dwarfed and attached to larger hermaphrodites (Zardus & Hadfield ; Ewers‐Saucedo et al . ). The sex determination mechanism is undetermined (Crisp ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The unexpected mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus 1758)

2016

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Natal origin and dispersal of problem saltwater crocodiles in the Darwin Harbor, Australia

Fukuda,

Moritz,

FitzSimmons

et al. 2023

J Wildl Manag

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Management programs that successfully recovered wild saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) populations in the Northern Territory of Australia did so with an expanding commitment to maintaining public safety. One aspect of the program is the ongoing removal of resident and immigrant crocodiles within Darwin Harbor (since 1979), the main urban center. We determined the likely sources of crocodiles caught as problem animals between 2015–2017 by comparing recently developed methods for population assignment. Depending on the assignment model used, we estimated that between 30% and 50% of crocodiles in Darwin Harbor originated from the Adelaide and Mary rivers, and the Kakadu region east of Darwin, and between 20% and 30% of crocodiles originated from the Finniss, Reynolds, and Daly rivers southwest of Darwin. Saltwater crocodiles occur at particularly high densities in these catchments. The remainder came from a mixture of different sources across the Northern Territory. The most common animals captured were immature (150–180 cm) males that have traveled 100–200 km. We did not identify any relationships between the distance from the inferred origin to Darwin Harbor and the size and sex of the crocodiles, or the year of capture. The targeted removal of crocodiles from specific sites such as Darwin Harbor, near where most people live, improves public safety in the highest risk areas, without compromising abundant source populations in most areas.

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The Evolution of Sexual Systems in Animals

Leonard

2018

Transitions Between Sexual Systems

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Growth, mortality, and mating group size of an androdioecious barnacle: implications for the evolution of dwarf males

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

The unexpected mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus 1758)

The unexpected mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus 1758)

Natal origin and dispersal of problem saltwater crocodiles in the Darwin Harbor, Australia

The Evolution of Sexual Systems in Animals

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