Growth of Calcite in Confinement

Li, Lei; Köhler, Felix; Røyne, Anja; Dysthe, Dag Kristian

doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0028.v1

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Importantly, as a result of DLVO and hydration forces, a disjoining pressure (Π) prevents direct contact of the two surfaces under an applied normal stress σ n (Israelachvili, ). The effective normal stress

σ_{n}^{'}

acting on the two surfaces

σ_{n}^{'} = true(σ_{n} - P_{f}

) is thus balanced by the disjoining pressure in the confined fluid film, Π( D ) (Li et al, ). According to a recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study, the confined fluid film can sustain normal stresses much higher than ~1 GPa (Brekke‐Svaland & Bresme, ), which is the maximum value applied here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Interfacial Composition, Adhesion, and Frictional Response of Calcite Single Crystals—Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity

Diao

Espinosa‐Marzal

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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While it has been shown that the mechanical properties and the reactivity of carbonate‐bearing rocks may be influenced by the chemical composition of the fluids, little is known about how the fluid composition affects their frictional response. Here, we have used atomic force microscopy to investigate the frictional characteristics of single calcite crystals in calcium carbonate saturated solutions and in two brines, NaCl and CaCl2, at a wide range of geologically relevant concentrations. Surface forces were measured to determine the ion‐specific composition of the confined fluid films and the adhesion between the confining surfaces. The effect of fluid chemistry on calcite's (dynamic) frictional response significantly depends on the normal stress. At low stresses, the confined fluid film lubricates the single‐asperity contact efficiently, resulting in low friction coefficients, especially in the case of NaCl solutions. When the pressure solution of calcite is triggered at sufficiently high stress, a significant reduction of the friction coefficient was observed, and in this case, CaCl2 solutions were shown to promote this frictional weakening more significantly than NaCl. This is the first experimental investigation of the ion‐specific frictional characteristics of calcite at the level of a single‐asperity contact. The presence of infiltrated fluids in carbonate faults may also play a critical role in fault dynamics. Hence, the results of this nanoscale study are extrapolated to carbonate fault friction in the presence of infiltrated fluids, and they contribute to advance our understanding of induced seismicity at geological scale.

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σ_{n}^{'}

acting on the two surfaces

σ_{n}^{'} = true(σ_{n} - P_{f}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Interfacial Composition, Adhesion, and Frictional Response of Calcite Single Crystals—Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity

Diao

Espinosa‐Marzal

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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“…The crystallinity and orientation, and most likely the morphology, of the calcite films on the Au substrate varied with the deposition temperature (Figure 3). At 250 °C, XRD revealed two distinct grain orientations with (006) or (104) calcite planes parallel to the substrate. At 300 °C, most of the deposited films were (104)-oriented, with some samples having additionally (006)-oriented grains.…”

Section: Characterization Of Calcite Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found such dependence for most of the experimental data (SM, Figure S18). Additionally, the recent experiments with single calcite crystals growing against a glass surface have revealed a presence of large cavities in the contact region, in which calcite could be in equilibrium with a trapped liquid over a long time, despite a separating water film as thick as ~50 nm 104 .…”

Section: Effect Of Contact Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Forces Apparatus Measurements of Interactions between Rough and Reactive Calcite Surfaces

et al. 2018

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nm-Range forces acting between calcite surfaces in water affect macroscopic properties of carbonate rocks and calcite-based granular materials and are significantly influenced by calcite surface recrystallization. We suggest that the repulsive mechanical effects related to nm-scale surface recrystallization of calcite in water could be partially responsible for the observed decrease of cohesion in calcitic rocks saturated with water. Using the surface forces apparatus, we simultaneously followed the calcite reactivity and measured the forces in water in two surface configurations: between two rough calcite surfaces (CC) and between rough calcite and a smooth mica surface (CM). We used nm-scale rough, polycrystalline calcite films prepared by atomic layer deposition. We measured only repulsive forces in CC in CaCO-saturated water, which was related to roughness and possibly to repulsive hydration effects. Adhesive or repulsive forces were measured in CM in CaCO-saturated water depending on calcite roughness, and the adhesion was likely enhanced by electrostatic effects. The pull-off adhesive force in CM became stronger with time, and this increase was correlated with a decrease of roughness at contacts, the parameter which could be estimated from the measured force-distance curves. That suggested a progressive increase of real contact areas between the surfaces, caused by gradual pressure-driven deformation of calcite surface asperities during repeated loading-unloading cycles. Reactivity of calcite was affected by mass transport across nm- to μm-thick gaps between the surfaces. Major roughening was observed only for the smoothest calcite films, where gaps between two opposing surfaces were nm-thick over μm-sized areas and led to force of crystallization that could overcome confining pressures of the order of MPa. Any substantial roughening of calcite caused a significant increase of the repulsive mechanical force contribution.

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“…14 However, more recent microfluidics experiments on single calcite microparticles show much higher growth rates than either AFM or seeded experiments at equivalent supersaturation, a discrepancy attributed in part to differences in mass transport between the techniques. 15 Subsequent reevaluation of surface concentrations in AFM, derived from reported critical step lengths, with supporting finite element method (FEM) simulations, highlights that mass transport is an important factor, and there is a strong concentration gradient (boundary layer) for calcite growth under some conditions. 16 Often, transport effects are assumed to be absent based on the apparent independence of crystal growth on rates of forced convection; 10,14 however, the concentration boundary layer (CBL) thickness is not a linear function of convection rate, and a limiting boundary layer, and hence mass transport limitation, can persist even under high convection rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of Mass Transport in the Deposition, Growth, and Transformation of Calcium Carbonate on Surfaces at High Supersaturation

McPherson

Peruffo

Unwin

2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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We demonstrate how combined in-situ measurements and finite element method modeling can provide new insight into the relative contribution of mass transport to the growth of calcium carbonate on two model surfaces, glass and gold, under high-supersaturation conditions relevant to surface scaling. An impinging jet-radial flow system is used to create a highsupersaturated solution at the inlet of different cells: an optical microscope cell presenting a glass surface for deposition and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and in-situ IR spectroscopy cells, both presenting a gold surface. The approach described is quantitative due to the well-defined mass transport, and both time-lapse optical microscopy images and QCM data are analyzed to provide information on the growth kinetics of the calcite crystals. Initially, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), formed in solution, dominates the deposition process. At longer times, the growth of calcite is more significant and, on glass, is observed to consume ACC from the surface, leading to surface regions depleted of ACC developing around calcite microcrystals. On Au, the mass increase becomes linear with time in this region. Taken together, these microscopic and macroscopic measurements demonstrate that calcite growth has a significant component of mass transport control at high supersaturation. Finite element method (FEM) simulations of mass-transport-limited crystal growth support the strong mass transport contribution to the growth kinetics and further suggest that the observed growth must be sustained by more than just the Ca 2+ and CO 3 2− in solution, with dissolution/direct attachment of ACC and/or ion pairs also contributing to the growth process.

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Growth of Calcite in Confinement

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Interfacial Composition, Adhesion, and Frictional Response of Calcite Single Crystals—Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Interfacial Composition, Adhesion, and Frictional Response of Calcite Single Crystals—Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity

Surface Forces Apparatus Measurements of Interactions between Rough and Reactive Calcite Surfaces

Role of Mass Transport in the Deposition, Growth, and Transformation of Calcium Carbonate on Surfaces at High Supersaturation

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