Growth of children according to maternal and child HIV, immunological and disease characteristics: a prospective cohort study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Bailey, Robert C.; Kamenga, Munkolenkole; Nsuami, Malanda; Nieburg, P; Louis, Michael E. St.

doi:10.1093/ije/28.3.532

Cited by 102 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the role of HIV exposure during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding on postnatal growth remains uncertain. Previous to availability of antiretroviral drugs, several studies showed poor growth outcomes in HEU children compared with HIVunexposed children [41,42]. However, reports in which antiretroviral drugs for PMTCT were used either found no differences in growth outcomes between HEU and HIV-unexposed children or if they existed were most likely due to different feeding practices rather than to HIV exposure [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal HIV infection is an important health determinant in non-HIV-infected infants

Rosario

González

Maculuve

et al. 2017

Aids

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Objective: To assess morbidity and mortality in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children to help guiding appropriate clinical care and effective preventive interventions.Design: This is a longitudinal study comparing two cohorts of children; one born to HIV-infected women and the other born to HIV-uninfected women. Methods:We have analyzed prospectively obtained information on nutritional status, morbidity and mortality from 966 HEU and 909 HIV-unexposed infants followed up until their first 18 months of life at a referral health facility in southern Mozambique. Determinants for adverse health outcomes in HEU children were also assessed using multivariate logistic regression.Results: Increased incidence of hospital admissions (P ¼ 0.0015), shorter survival in the first 18 months of life (P ¼ 0.0510) and moderate and severe malnutrition (P ¼ 0.0006 and 0.0014, respectively) were observed among HEU children compared with HIVunexposed children. Incidence of outpatient attendance in HEU children was associated with being men, older age and the mother being on antiretroviral treatment. Among HEU children, those who were never breastfed, or who were weaned or were partially breastfed, had an increased incidence of hospital admissions compared with children who were exclusively breastfed. Conclusion:Maternal HIV infection has important health consequences in non-HIVinfected children. As the prevalence of HIV-infected pregnant women is maintained and the proportion of HIV-infected children declines because of the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy and breastfeeding, more focus should be given to the health needs of HEU children to ensure that the post-2015 sustainable development goals are met.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal HIV infection is an important health determinant in non-HIV-infected infants

Rosario

González

Maculuve

et al. 2017

Aids

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“…Previous studies have shown that women with secondary education are better informed about optimal child care practices [8], have better practices in terms of hygiene [27,28], feeding [18] and childcare during illness [18,21,22], have a greater ability to use the health system [29], are more empowered to make decisions [28] and are more likely to have financial resources to care for and feed children [18]. There has been a slight increase in the percentage of women who have completed secondary education in Rwanda, from 1.2 % in 2005 [30] to 2.8 % in 2010 [10], and we hypothesize that further gains in women's education may translate into improved child nutrition outcomes [7,31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with underweight status in children under five: an analysis of the 2010 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (RDHS)

et al. 2016

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Background: Under-nutrition contributes to childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-income countries. While Rwanda is one of few countries on track to reduce the prevalence of underweight children under five years old by 50 % from 1990 to 2015 (a target of Millennium Development Goal1), underweight children remain a large public health problem with one out of ten children having low weight-for-age. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using 2010 RDHS data on 4177 children under five years of age with weight and height measurements. Children were classified as underweight if their weight-for-age Z scores (WAZs) were <2 standard deviations (SD) and severely underweight if WAZs were <3 SD from the mean of the reference population. We used multivariable logistic regression model to identify child, maternal, and household characteristics associated with being underweight. Results: Eleven percent (469) of the 4177 children sampled were underweight and 2.2 % (90) were severely underweight. After adjusting for possible confounders, we found that children were more likely to be underweight if they were male (OR = 1.42, 95 % confidence interval (CI):1.12, 1.79); had fever in the two weeks prior to survey administration (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI:1.07, 1.97) or were non-singletons compared to first-born singletons (OR = 4.04, 95 % CI:2.12, 7.71). Mothers were more likely to have underweight children if they were over 35 years of age compared to those age 17-24 years (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI:1.04, 2.70); with BMI <18.5 compared to BMI between 18.5 to 24.9 (OR = 2.62, 95 % CI:1.70, 4.04), who had no education or primary education only (OR = 3.56, 95 % CI:1.83, 6.95; OR = 3.49, 95 % CI:1. 87, 6.51, respectively) compared to secondary education or higher, and those who did not have delivery assisted by a skilled provider (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI:1.04, 1.72). Household characteristics associated with underweight children included status in the bottom two wealth quintiles compared to the highest (OR = 1.71, 95 % CI:1.27, 2.30). Conclusion: Rwanda was one of the first countries to achieve Millennium Development Goal1. However, even in light of this success, the prevalence of underweight children remains high. Our analysis of specific child, maternal and household risk factors for under-nutrition may help identify potential interventions to address this remaining burden.

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“…2 HIV-infected children tend to weigh less than uninfected children at birth, and they continue to lag behind uninfected children of similar age in weight and especially height. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Previous reports of growth among HIV-infected children receiving HAART had mixed results. A cohort analysis of 906 children showed small but statistically significant improvements in height and weight growth (adjusted for age and gender) after children began receiving PIs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Nachman

Lindsey

Moye

et al. 2005

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Growth of children according to maternal and child HIV, immunological and disease characteristics: a prospective cohort study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 102 publications

References 29 publications

Maternal HIV infection is an important health determinant in non-HIV-infected infants

Maternal HIV infection is an important health determinant in non-HIV-infected infants

Risk factors associated with underweight status in children under five: an analysis of the 2010 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (RDHS)

Growth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

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