Growth of Chrysanthemum Explants on MS Medium Sterilized by Disinfectants and Essential Oils

Abstract

Abstract-A sterile condition of culture medium is one of the main aspects for micropropagation. The alternative technique for medium sterilization to replace autoclaving was carried out. For sterilization of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, commercial essential oils, disinfectants or in combinations were tested. Each essential oil or disinfectant or combination was added to a 20-mL medium in a 120-mL container, kept for 2 weeks before evaluating sterile conditions. Treated media were compared to control medium, autoclaved at 121 degree Celsius for 15 min. Sterile conditions of MS medium were found 100% from 10% povidone-iodine (108 L), 6% sodium hypochlorite (36 L), 2% iodine + 2.4% potassium iodide (36 L), while 95% sterile conditions were obtained from 2% iodine + 2.4% potassium iodide in combination with 10% povidone-iodine (ratio 1 : 1 at 36 L and ratio 1 : 3 at 72 L), 10% povidone-iodine in combination with lemon oil (ratio 3 : 1, 108 L) compared to 100% sterile conditions from autoclaved medium. Effects of these treated media on growth of chrysanthemum shoot and node explants were investigated. It was found that growth of explants on medium treated with 10% povidone-iodine or 2% iodine + 2.4% potassium iodide alone or in combination with 10% povidone-iodine (ratio 1 : 1) or 6% sodium hypochlorite was comparable to those on autoclaved medium.

A Literature Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Allium Sativum (Garlic) Extract on Bacteria Isolated from Smoked Fish

“…An environmentally benign garlicderived polysulfide product is approved for use in the European Union (under Annex 1 of 91/414) and the UK as a nematicide and insecticide, including for use for control of cabbage root fly and red mite in poultry (Ried et al, 2006). Garlic along with cinnamon is used as a fish and meat preservative, and displays antimicrobial property at temperatures as high as 120 degree Celsius; the combination can also be used to preserve fried and deep fried foods, and in the future might be used in an inner layer of plastic (Verma, 2012;Deein et al, 2013).…”

Combined Effects of Medicinal Plants on Induced Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Injury in Wistar Rats

“…The garlic plant's bulb is the most commonly used part of the plant (8). The acclaimed medicinal uses of garlic include diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiseptic (9,10). …”