Growth of <i>Daphnia magna</i> in the laboratory in relation to the nutritional state of its food species, <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>

Mitchell, Stuart F.; Trainor, Francis R.; Rich, P.H.; Goulden, Clyde E.

doi:10.1093/plankt/14.3.379

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…These two species of green algae therefore showed a clear difference in the magnitude of their response to P limitation, particularly in relation to cell volume. In Chlamydomonas the close relationship between cell volume and increasing lipid and carbohydrate synthesis is clear in both treatments, and in agreement with the findings of a number of studies using conventional methodology (Mitchell et al, 1992;Sterner et al, 1993;Kilham et al, 1997;van Donk et al, 1997), whereas the relationship seen in Scenedesmus may be atypical.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Impact of phosphorus quota and growth phase on carbon allocation inChlamydomonas reinhardtii: an FTIR microspectroscopy study

Dean

Nicholson

Sigee

2008

European Journal of Phycology

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Batch cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were used to study carbon allocation in relation to growth phase and phosphorus availability. Cultures were grown at initial phosphorus (PO 4 -P) concentrations of 500 mg l À1 (high-P) and 50 mg l À1 (low-P).Cellular carbon allocation was monitored using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy with the ratio of the band intensities at 1736 cm À1 (lipid) and the 1180-950 cm À1 region (carbohydrate) to 1652 cm À1 (amide I) used as an index of changing carbon balance. Cellular phosphorus concentrations (P quota) were measured by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXRMA). Both treatments entered stationary phase on day 18. Increased cell counts in the high-P treatment (max. 3.0 Â 10 6 cells ml À1 at stationary phase) led to a rapid decrease in external P availability to <20 mg l À1 during early log phase, with a subsequent decrease in P quota from 0.5% to <0.1% DW. The fall of P quota to <0.1% led to an increase in the lipid/protein ratio (0.13 to 0.23) and carbohydrate/protein ratio (0.37 to 1.57), with ratios increasing further (lipid:protein 1.85; carbohydrate:protein 2.77) in late stationary phase. In the low-P treatment external P concentrations (<20 mg l À1 from day 1) restricted population growth (max. 0.75 Â 10 6 cells ml À1 at stationary phase). P quotas fell to <0.1% in early log phase, with the carbohydrate/protein ratio increasing from 0.15 to 3.7 and remaining high into stationary phase while the lipid/ protein ratio increased from 0.2 to 1.2. In both treatments increasing synthesis of lipid and carbohydrate storage products resulted in an increased cell volume. Transfer of P-deficient cells (late stationary) to fresh media led to a rapid stimulation of growth, a rapid reduction in lipid/protein and carbohydrate/protein ratios, and decreased cell volumes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This synthesis and intracellular storage of lipids and carbohydrates resulted in large increases in cell volume, as has been observed in a number of P-stressed algae. (Mitchell et al, 1992;Sterner et al, 1993;Kilham et al, 1997;van Donk et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of phosphorus quota and growth phase on carbon allocation inChlamydomonas reinhardtii: an FTIR microspectroscopy study

Dean

Nicholson

Sigee

2008

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Therefore, threshold levels for N are difficult to calculate on the basis of N per unit C (see discussions of Brett 1993;Urabe and Watanabe 1993;Hessen 1993;Sterner 1993). According to Mitchell et al (1992) and Sterner et al (1993), N-limited algae are lower in food quality than are standard (log-phase) cells, but are still higher in quality than are severe P-limited algae. In contrast, we did not find differences in food quality between standard and N-limited algae, possibly because the amounts of individual amino acids were still sufficient and Nlimitation was consequently not yet severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata in response to changes in fatty acids, phosphorus, and nitrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Weers

Gulati

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

111

105

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The importance of changes in elemental and fatty acid composition of the algal food for Daphnia galeata was investigated. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was grown under nitrogen or phosphorus limitation to modify its elemental and biochemical composition. Both N-and P-limited slgae exhibited similar fatty acid compositions but differed from algae grown under N and P saturation. Nutrient iimitation of algae caused the amounts of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated, and diunsaturated fatty acids to ncrease, but those of polyunsaturated fatty acids to decrease markedly. Life-history experiments with D. galeatu, carried out to examine the effects of the varying N and P regimes to the food quality of Chlamydomonas, revealed that N-limited and N+P-saturated algae were of a comparable quality. In contrast, P-limited alga was a very poor food; that is, both population growth and somatic growth rate were much lower than with N-and N+P-saturated algae. Differences of algal fatty acid composition did not explain the differences in algal food quality as N+P-saturated and N-limited Chlamydomonas were both similar in quality despite differences in fatty acid composition. P limitation of daphnid growth is more consistent with the observed differences in growth and reproduction. The low growth rates of the daphnids when fed P-limited alga, however, may also be a result of indirect effects because P limitation may induct changes in algal morphology or biochemical compounds other than fatty acids.

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“…A decrease in nitrogen content and increase in C:N ratio are observed in slowly growing diatoms (Kiarboe 1989, Jonasdottir 1994, as well as an increase in the extracellular carbohydrate production (Myklestad 1977, Malej & Harris 1993. Negative effects of nitrogen limitation and slow growth rate of algae on feeding, somatic growth and reproduction of planktonic crustaceans are reported by Cowles et al (1988), Butler et al (1989), Kiarboe (1989), Giani (1991), Mitchell et al (1992), Sterner (1993) and Jonasdottir (1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of food quality on rate of growth and development of the pelagic copepod Pseudocalanus elongatus (Copepoda, Calanoida)

Koski¹,

Breteler²,

Schogt³

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

141

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Rates of body growth, development and egg production of Pseudocalanus elongatus were measured in the laboratory, in relation to the taxonomy and physiology of algal food. Four types of experiments were performed to measure the copepod's response to (1) 7 algal species of similar size and shape, but different taxonomic groups, (2) inferior food species that were offered with good food as a check of toxicity, (3) nitrogen limitation and the growth rate of food species, and (4) highly unsaturated fatty acids that were supplied with inferior food to test for lack of essential fatty acids. Grazing was measured to check that the offered food was really ingested. The best food species proved to be Rhodomonas sp., whlch induced a fast rate of development, good somatic growth and egg production and low mortality. The development rate was almost equally fast 1~1th Thalassiosira weissflogi~, Gyrnnodinium simplex and Tetraselmjs suedca, but the rates of somatic growth or egg production were lower and mortahty generally higher than with Rhodornonas sp. Three algal species, Dunaljella sp , Amphidinium sp, and Chrysochrornulina polylepjs, were poor food; copepod development was not completed, the rates of somatic growth and egg production were low and mortality was high. Ingestion was equally high with most of the species; only C. polylepis was not eaten No clear toxic effects were found when the 3 poor-food species were offered in mixtures w~t h Rhodomonas sp. N-limited Rhodomonas sp. did not reduce the rate of copepod development in comparison to a N-replete culture; however, N-limited T weissflogii reduced the development rate to the low level of poor-food species. No effect of different growth rates of Dunaliella sp. was found. Lipids rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids supplied with DunalieUa sp. did not substantially improve the slow development and low egg production observed with this species. The weight-specific somatic growth rate was always higher than the weight-specific egg production rate, especially with less optimal food, which seems to hamper the estimation of the secondary production of copepods based on egg production alone. It is concluded that large differences in the food quality of different algal species are due to differences in digestibility or in mineral and biochemical composition.

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Growth of Daphnia magna in the laboratory in relation to the nutritional state of its food species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of phosphorus quota and growth phase on carbon allocation inChlamydomonas reinhardtii: an FTIR microspectroscopy study

Impact of phosphorus quota and growth phase on carbon allocation inChlamydomonas reinhardtii: an FTIR microspectroscopy study

Growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata in response to changes in fatty acids, phosphorus, and nitrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Effect of food quality on rate of growth and development of the pelagic copepod Pseudocalanus elongatus (Copepoda, Calanoida)

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