Growth of M. avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Culture Is Enhanced by Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, and α and β Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Greenstein, Robert J.; Su, Liya; Brown, Sheldon T.

doi:10.1007/s10620-010-1301-7

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In this study, as previously [21], [30], [31], Phthalimide has no dose-dependent inhibition against any of the mycobacterial strains tested (Table 2 and Figures 1– 6. )…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Vitamins A & D Inhibit the Growth of Mycobacteria in Radiometric Culture

Greenstein

Brown

2012

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe role of vitamins in the combat of disease is usually conceptualized as acting by modulating the immune response of an infected, eukaryotic host. We hypothesized that some vitamins may directly influence the growth of prokaryotes, particularly mycobacteria.MethodsThe effect of four fat-soluble vitamins was studied in radiometric Bactec® culture. The vitamins were A (including a precursor and three metabolites,) D, E and K. We evaluated eight strains of three mycobacterial species (four of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), two of M. avium and two of M. tb. complex).Principal FindingsVitamins A and D cause dose-dependent inhibition of all three mycobacterial species studied. Vitamin A is consistently more inhibitory than vitamin D. The vitamin A precursor, β-carotene, is not inhibitory, whereas three vitamin A metabolites cause inhibition. Vitamin K has no effect. Vitamin E causes negligible inhibition in a single strain.SignificanceWe show that vitamin A, its metabolites Retinyl acetate, Retinoic acid and 13-cis Retinoic acid and vitamin D directly inhibit mycobacterial growth in culture. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that complementing the immune response of multicellular organisms, vitamins A and D may have heretofore unproven, unrecognized, independent and probable synergistic, direct antimycobacterial inhibitory activity.

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“…In this study, as previously [21], [30], [31], Phthalimide has no dose-dependent inhibition against any of the mycobacterial strains tested (Table 2 and Figures 1– 6. )…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…For example, we [17], [18], [20]–[22], [30], [31], and others [34], [35], have shown inhibition of MAP growth with medications used to treat “autoimmune” and “inflammatory” diseases. In the present study we show direct inhibition of mycobacterial growth by vitamins A and D in culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vitamins A & D Inhibit the Growth of Mycobacteria in Radiometric Culture

Greenstein

Brown

2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Many reports have suggested that topical application of NIC had several beneficial effects, especially anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and antimicrobial effects. 44,[66][67][68] In the present study, the vehicle group containing NIC presented comparable efficacy in ameliorating AD-like clinical symptoms, decreasing epidermis thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulating the serum total IgE. In comparison with Protopic (containing 0.1% FK506), the dose of FK506 through the NIC-CS-NPs system could be decreased to at least 0.03% -approximately one-third the dose of Protopic.…”

Section: Histopathological Analysissupporting

confidence: 49%

Tacrolimus nanoparticles based on chitosan combined with nicotinamide: enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy for atopic dermatitis and reducing dose

Yu¹,

Wang²,

Wan³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Background Topical application of tacrolimus (FK506) was effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, adverse effects frequently occurred with the increase of FK506 dose during long–term treatment. Objective The objective of this project was to develop a hybrid skin targeting system encapsulating FK506 based on nicotinamide (NIC) and chitosan nanoparticles (CS–NPs), ie, FK506–NIC–CS–NPs, which took advantages of both of NIC and CS–NPs to obtain the synergetic effects of percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy enhancement along with dose reduction. Methods The formulation of FK506–NIC–CS–NPs was optimized and characterized. In vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies were performed. AD–like skin lesions were constructed with BALB/c mice by 1–chloro–2, 4–dinitrobenzene (DNCB)–induced, and FK506–NIC–CS–NPs containing different dose of FK506 were topically administered to treat AD–like skin lesions in comparison with Protopic. Results NIC was found to significantly increase the FK506 EE to 92.2% by CS–NPs. In comparison with commercial FK506 ointment (Protopic), in vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated that NIC–CS–NPs system significantly enhanced FK506 permeation through and into the skin, and deposited more FK506 into the skin. The treatment efficacy on clinical symptoms, histological analysis, and molecular biology of the AD–mice demonstrated that NIC–CS–NPs with ~1/3 dose of FK506 of Protopic was superior to that of Protopic, and NIC–CS–NPs vehicle exhibited the adjuvant therapy and moderate anti–AD effects. Conclusion The system of NIC–CS–NPs enhances the permeability of FK506, plays an adjuvant role in anti-AD, reduces the dose of FK506 in treating AD, and is therefore a promising nanoscale system of FK506 for the effective treatment of AD.

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“…Preclinical data exist that demonstrate the tuberculostatic and antiretroviral effects of niacinamide [46,47,48,49,50]. The effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be explained with the inhibition of the class III NAD-dependent deacetylase-protein family (Sir2) [51], whereas the effect against HIV is based on the inhibition of the nuclear PARP [47,52].…”

Section: Biological Effects With Dermatological Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Niacinamide - Mechanisms of Action and Its Topical Use in Dermatology

Wohlrab¹,

Kreft²

2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

107

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Niacinamide, an amide of vitamin B₃ (niacin), is a hydrophilic endogenous substance. Its effects after epicutaneous application have long been described in the literature. Given a sufficient bioavailability, niacinamide has antipruritic, antimicrobial, vasoactive, photo-protective, sebostatic and lightening effects depending on its concentration. Within a complex metabolic system niacinamide controls the NFκB-mediated transcription of signalling molecules by inhibiting the nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Niacinamide is a well-tolerated and safe substance often used in cosmetics. Clinical data for its therapeutic use in various dermatoses can increasingly be found in the literature. Although the existing data are not sufficient for a scientifically founded evaluation, it can be stated that the use of niacinamide in galenic preparations for epicutaneous application offers most interesting prospects.

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Growth of M. avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Culture Is Enhanced by Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, and α and β Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Abstract: We show enhancement of MAP growth by nicotinic acid, one of ≥4,000 tobacco-related molecules, its amide, nicotinamide and α and β NAD. Pure nicotine has no enhancing effect at the doses studies.

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Vitamins A & D Inhibit the Growth of Mycobacteria in Radiometric Culture

Vitamins A & D Inhibit the Growth of Mycobacteria in Radiometric Culture

Tacrolimus nanoparticles based on chitosan combined with nicotinamide: enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy for atopic dermatitis and reducing dose

Niacinamide - Mechanisms of Action and Its Topical Use in Dermatology

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