Growth of Mixed Birch-Coniferous Stands in Relation to Pure Coniferous Stands at Similar Sites in South-eastern Norway

Frivold, Lars Helge; Frank, Jon

doi:10.1080/028275802753626782

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Spruce DBH growth was greater than that of birch. This supports the observations of Frivold and Frank (2002) Simardand and Vyse (2006) that the competitive effects of birch likely diminish as the stand ages. Further, Legare et al (2004) reported that black spruce DBH and height were greater when grown with aspen up to a threshold basal area of about 40% of the stand basal area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

How much birch (Betula papyrifera) is too much for maximizing spruce (Picea glauca) growth: a case study in boreal spruce plantation forests

Hawkins¹,

Dhar²,

Rogers³

2012

J. For. Sci.

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Interest in conifer-broadleaf mixedwood forests has greatly increased due to continuous demand for hardwood products and a shift towards more biological or ecosystem-based management. In British Columbia, more than 30% of the productive forest land is a conifer-broadleaf mixture and current forest regulations are more conifer biased rather than maintaining a mixed-species condition. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of paper birch on white spruce growth. Spruce growth data from 10 to 18 years old complex stands indicate that radial, height, and stem volume was not impacted by retaining up to 3,000 stems·ha -1 of birch. Similarly, growth and yield model projections suggest spruce-birch stands would be more productive up to a threshold birch density (3,000 stems·ha -1 ) than pure spruce stands. At a 4% real interest rate, the removal of birch from these stands does not appear to be warranted as an investment. The results suggest that instead of encouraging uniform broadleaf removal across conifer plantations, mixed species management strategies could enhance the forest productivity, stand diversity and resilience.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

How much birch (Betula papyrifera) is too much for maximizing spruce (Picea glauca) growth: a case study in boreal spruce plantation forests

Hawkins¹,

Dhar²,

Rogers³

2012

J. For. Sci.

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show abstract

“…3). Similar results have been obtained in other studies, both experimental and simulation-based, of birch and Norway spruce mixtures: Comparisons of mixtures and Norway spruce monocultures depend on stand age and stand rotation length since the species differs in growth rhythm (Fahlvik et al 2011), but a slight yield decrease could not be refuted (Frivold and Frank 2002;Agestam et al 2005). Accordingly, at the stem densities in our study, the proportion of Norway spruce was not linearly correlated with total stem volume production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…When managing Norway spruce-birch mixtures, the challenge is to identify and apply appropriate treatments at appropriate times, i.e., when the species complement each other rather than compete with each other. Mixtures have often been evaluated in terms of either species-specific or total yields (Tham 1994;Valkonen and Valsta 2001;Frivold and Frank 2002;Johansson 2003;Fahlvik et al 2005;Vila et al 2007;Piotto 2008;Gamfeldt et al 2013), or from a unilateral perspective, using birch to facilitate Norway spruce cultivation (Bergqvist 1999;Langvall and Löfvenius 2002), as when one species is used as a nurse tree for other species (Ambrozy 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenario analysis of planting density and pre-commercial thinning: will the mixed forest have a chance?

Holmström¹,

Hjelm

Karlsson³

et al. 2016

Eur J Forest Res

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In the establishment phase, several management alternatives could be applied that affect the species composition of the future stand. In this study, tree seedling data from experiments with planted Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and naturally regenerated species, mainly Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), were used for six simulated pre-commercial thinning (PCT) scenarios. The scenarios included both monocultures and mixed stand alternatives with various initial spacing of the planted Norway spruce (0, 1600 or 2800 seedlings) and selection of main stems based on relative heights. Further stand development and individual tree growth were simulated until final harvest. Potentially, based on findings of the seedling measurements, the stands could be mixed with five to six species, but the browsing pressure from ungulates reduced this possibility since the height growth for all species except Norway spruce was highly affected by browsing. The simulated mixtures had a small variation between the PCT scenarios for the maximum mean annual increment (about 10 %). Although the growth was similar for Norway spruce, the proportion of birch in the final stands differed from 3 to 21 % between treatments and none of the highdensity planting treatments generated a mixed Norway spruce-birch forest at the time of final felling.

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“…In the meantime, analyses of forest inventory data have produced conflicting support for diversity-function relationships in forests, showing either a positive relationship between diversity and productivity (Caspersen and Pacala, 2001), no relationship (Enquist and Niklas, 2001), or a positive or negative relationship depending on the identity of the dominant species in a mixed-species stand (Frivold and Frank, 2002).…”

Section: Storage and Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in carbon storage among tree species: Implications for the management of a small-scale carbon sink project

Kirby

Potvin

2007

Forest Ecology and Management

359

179

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Growth of Mixed Birch-Coniferous Stands in Relation to Pure Coniferous Stands at Similar Sites in South-eastern Norway

Cited by 78 publications

References 7 publications

How much birch (Betula papyrifera) is too much for maximizing spruce (Picea glauca) growth: a case study in boreal spruce plantation forests

How much birch (Betula papyrifera) is too much for maximizing spruce (Picea glauca) growth: a case study in boreal spruce plantation forests

Scenario analysis of planting density and pre-commercial thinning: will the mixed forest have a chance?

Variation in carbon storage among tree species: Implications for the management of a small-scale carbon sink project

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