Growth of oxygen bubbles during recharge process in zinc-air battery

Wang, Keliang; Pei, Pucheng; Ma, Ze; Chen, Huicui; Xu, Huachi; Chen, Dongfang; Xing, Haoqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.07.039

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For the latter case, a ZnO layer forms at the Zn/PAA‐KOH interface. During cycling, the ZAB cell increases in volume, which is caused by i) the density difference between metallic Zn and the discharge product ZnO on the Zn electrode and ii) by oxygen bubble accumulation during OER . PAA‐KOH with a low crosslinking density is soft so that the polymer network can accommodate the change in volume, i. e., the polymer can squeeze between cracks in the catalyst layer (Figure d, bottom left).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAA‐KOH with a higher crosslinking density is stiffer and, as such, PAA‐KOH may lose contact with the air electrode due to oxygen bubble accumulation (Figure d, bottom right). With repeated charging cycles, a layer of oxygen gas accumulates in the vicinity of the air electrode, which increases interfacial resistance, reduces the charging efficiency and even damages the battery . Therefore, removal of the bubbles must be effectively controlled.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Tran

Clark

Chung

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) using gel polymer electrolytes suffer from low energy efficiency and poor cyclability. This issue is not only associated with the air electrode, as early failure of the battery is often due to the Zn electrode. Here, the cycle life of ZABs using alkaline poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-KOH) as the electrolyte is shown to vary by changing its crosslinking density. For ZABs using hydrogel electrolytes, understanding the failure mechanism and optimization of the hydrogel composition are key to achieving better utilization of the Zn electrode and battery rechargeability. In addition, the effects of crosslinker concentration on rheological properties, sol-gel fraction, ionic conductivity, and water retention ability of the hydrogel are discussed. PAA-KOH gels with lower crosslinking concentrations are weaker, but they have higher conductivity and better water retention, whereas gels with higher crosslinking concentrations affect the diffusion of zincate ions and facilitate passivation of the Zn electrode, resulting in early failure of the battery.[a] T.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Tran

Clark

Chung

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…A small offset was still shown in the overpotential of air electrode. When charging, it was noted that the growth of oxygen bubbles at the air electrode can affect the behavior of the air electrode (Wang et al, 2015b). Nevertheless, this model does not consider the effects of oxygen bubbles.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Analysis of an Integrated Zinc-Air Flow Battery/Zinc Electrolyzer System

et al. 2019

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This work aims at analyzing an integrated system of a zinc-air flow battery with a zinc electrolyzer for energy storage application. For efficient utilization of inherently intermittent renewable energy sources, safe and cost-effective energy storage systems are required. A zinc-air flow battery integrated with a zinc electrolyzer shows great promise as an electricity storage system due to its high specific energy density at low cost. A mathematical model of the system was developed. The model was implemented in MATLAB and validated against experimental results. The validation of the model was verified by the agreement between the simulation and experimental polarization characteristic. The behavior and performance of the system were then examined as a function of different operating parameters: the flow rate of the electrolyte, the initial concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the initial concentration of zincate ion. These parameters significantly affected the performance of the system. The influence of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the performance of the system was investigated and discussed as it significantly affected the coulombic efficiencies of both the zinc-air flow battery and the zinc electrolyzer. Optimal KOH concentration was found to be about 6-7 M. Whilst increased KOH concentration enhanced the discharge energy of the battery, it also increased HER of both the battery and the electrolyzer. However, higher initial concentration of zincate ion reduced HER and improved the coulombic efficiency of the system. Besides, a higher flow rate of electrolyte enhanced the performance of the system especially at a high charge/discharge current by maintaining the concentration of active species in the cell. Nevertheless, the battery suffered from a higher rate of HER at a high flow rate. It was noted that the model-based analysis provided better insight into the behavioral characteristics of the system leading to an improved design and operation of the integrated system of zinc-air flow battery with the zinc electrolyzer.

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“…In a stack, these switches were grouped together for simultaneous operation. The configuration of a tri-electrode cell is an important design factor of a functioning flow system during charge due to oxygen bubble detachment and coalescence phenomena [217].…”

Section: The Oxygen Positive Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics and performance of hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes for energy storage

Arenas

Loh

Trudgeon

et al. 2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Zinc negative electrodes are well known in primary batteries based on the classical Leclanché cell but a more recent development is the introduction of a number of rechargeable redox flow batteries for pilot and commercial scale using a zinc/zinc ion redox couple, in acid or alkaline electrolytes, or transformation of surface zinc oxides as a reversible electrode. The benefits and limitations of zinc negative electrodes are outlined with examples to discuss their thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics along with their practical aspects. Four main types of redox flow batteries employing zinc electrodes are considered, the zinc-bromine, zinccerium, zinc-air and zinc-nickel. Problems associated with zinc deposition and dissolution, especially in acid media, are summarised. The main features of each battery are identified and the benefits of a flowing electrolyte are explained. In each case, a summary of their development, including the electrode and cell reactions, their potentials, the performance of the positive and negative electrodes, the benefits of a single flow compartment and cell developments for energy storage are included. Remaining challenges are highlighted and possibilities for future advances in redox flow batteries are suggested.

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Growth of oxygen bubbles during recharge process in zinc-air battery

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Model-Based Analysis of an Integrated Zinc-Air Flow Battery/Zinc Electrolyzer System

The characteristics and performance of hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes for energy storage

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