Growth of Pathogenic
            <i>Leptospira</i>
            in Chemically Defined Media

Shenberg, E

doi:10.1128/jb.93.5.1598-1606.1967

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The relationship between micronutrients, enzymes and substrates is iduenced by the concentrations of trace elements and antagonism between ions. I n general, our results agree with the Gndings of other authors (Vogel & Hutner, 1961;Johnson & Gary, 1963;Stalheim & Wilson, 1964a, b ;Baseman, Henneberry & Cox, 1966;Shenberg, 1967).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Trace Elements and Reproduction of Leptospirae

Burger

Fuchs

1970

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Summary. Low concentrations of Zn and Co salts in the medium stimulated growth of several strains of 2 species of Leptospira, but high concentrations inhibited growth. Low concentrations of Cu increased the growth rate of saprophytic leptospirae but did not affect parasitic strains; high concentrations inhibited all strains. In a Zn‐containing medium, the addition of increasing amounts of Cd was increasingly inhibitory to both speeies. The addition of 0·2 × 10−6 gof Zn(NO3)2. 6H2O and 10−9 gofCoSO4. 7H2O/ml of Korthof's medium is recommended. Saprophytic leptospirae grow better with 10−6g of CoSO4. 5H2O/ml of medium.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Trace Elements and Reproduction of Leptospirae

Burger

Fuchs

1970

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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“…No. 1,1968 the chemical manipulations, these data indicate that the unsaturated acids were formed by direct desaturation of the corresponding saturated acids. Furthermore, a sample of 14C-labeled hexadecenoic acid isolated from leptospira which were grown on Tween plus [l-14C]palmitate and containing 4,000 counts/ min was decarboxylated [18].…”

Section: Studies On the Biosynthesis Of Unsaturated Acidsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Studies on the Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Leptospira: The Biosynthesis of Delta9- and Delta11-Monounsaturated Acids

1969

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When Leptospira canicola was grown in a synthetic medium in the presence of 14C‐labeled acetate, the acetate was readily oxidized and incorporated into non‐lipid components of the cells. Only very small amounts of 14C‐acetate were incorporated into long chain fatty acids. The effect of the addition, to the growth medium, of different long chain fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides of L. canicola was studied. When grown on palmitate, palmitic acid, cis‐Δ9‐ and cis‐Δ11‐hexadecenoic acid were isolated. When grown on stearate, stearic, palmitic, oleic and cis‐Δ11‐hexadecenoic acid were found. When grown on oleate the later was the major component of the cell's lipids. Phosphatidylethanolamine isolated from L. canicola which was grown on Tween, contained oleic acid at the α position and palmitic, stearic and 11‐hexadecenoic acid at the β position. When L. canicola was grown in the presence of [1‐14C]palmitate or [1‐14C]stearate the corresponding monounsaturated acids were also labeled. Oxidative decarboxylation of 14C‐labeled 11‐hexadecenoic acid isolated from L. canicola which was grown on Tween plus [1‐14C]‐palmitate indicated that the monoenoic acid was labeled exclusively at the carboxy‐carbon.

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“…However, additional acetate permits B-16 to reach higher cell yields than possible on Tween 80 alone. Shenberg (23) indicated that acetate was incorporated into pathogenic leptospires, although acetate was not found in the lipid portion of these organisms. Henneberry et al (13) have shown B-16…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Requirements of Pathogenic Leptospira

1973

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Nutritional requirements for growth at :30 C of' Leptospira pomona and L. canicola have been determined. Both pathogenic serotypes initially required bovine serum albumin (BSA) for growth in a medium (SM-4) which permitted growth of the water isolate B-16. Requirement for BSA was eliminated by (i) removing much of' the apparent toxicity of free fatty acids in Tween 80 on an anion exchange column, (ii) decreasing extended lag periods observed from small inocula by incorporation of' pyruvate into the medium, (iii) the addition of acetate to permit full utilization of substrate fatty acids in Tween 80, and (iv) the addition of' glycerol to decrease generation times. Physiologic signiticance of' these findings is discussed, and the possibility is suggested that apparent toxicity of fatty acids for leptospires may result from their auto-oxidation products. The resulting protein-free medium (SM-5) permitted the growth of pathogens at :30 C to high cell yields in low inocula. Highly virulent and avirulent strains from the same clone of L. canicola Moulton were used to determine additional growth requirements associated with virulence. As incubation temperatures were increased from 30 C to those of mammalian hosts, virulent cells required biotin at 35 C and higher levels of K+ and Mg2+ at 37 C. Additional Fe2+ eliminated the

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Growth of Pathogenic Leptospira in Chemically Defined Media

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Trace Elements and Reproduction of Leptospirae

Trace Elements and Reproduction of Leptospirae

Studies on the Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Leptospira: The Biosynthesis of Delta9- and Delta11-Monounsaturated Acids

Growth Requirements of Pathogenic Leptospira

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