Growth of poly(methyl methacrylate) particles in three‐component cationic microemulsions

Abstract

Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been studied in ternary microemulsions which were stabilized by tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) or stearyltrimethylammonium chloride (STAC). The sizes of MMA‐swollen polymer particles (Rh) increased continuously during polymerization. This is in contrast to that of the styrene system, where Rh increased very rapidly to a maximum and then decreased continuously towards a constant value. The continuous growth of PMMA particles at 60°C are discussed. The stability of PMMA latexes increased with increasing the hydrophobic chain length of the cationic surfactant used. Traces of the coagulations of PMMA particles in the TTAB system can be seen from TEM. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile using a differential microemulsion polymerization technique

“…The heterogeneous nucleation of PMMA during synthesis by the differential microemulsion polymerization was a key factor to enhance the rich syndiotactic configuration with the high concentration of PMMA when compared with other microemulsion polymerization techniques 5–13…”

“…A Bruker Biospin DPX‐300 NMR spectroscometer (Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI) was used for 1 H‐NMR analyses at 300 MHz with CDCl 3 solutions at room temperature. The tacticities of the samples were characterized from the integrated ratios of the syndiotactic (rr), isotactic (mm), and heterotactic (mr) triad signals of α‐methyl protons, which occur at 0.81, 0.99, and 1.18 ppm, respectively 11, 12…”

“…Synthesis of nanosized polymer particles continues to receive increasing attention because of their important potential utilization in various fields, such as drug delivery,1 protein separation,2 environmental application,3 and semiconductors 4. The most common approach used to synthesize polymer nanoparticles is via microemulsion polymerization 5–13. However, the major concern with this approach is that it usually requires a high amount of surfactant and it is difficult to decrease the particle size.…”

Nanoparticles carrying hydroxyl groups produced by microemulsion

“…10 -27 Gan and coworkers produced PMMA in ternary microemulsions using the cationic surfactants stearyl trimethylammonium chloride (STAC), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) with either a water-soluble or an oil-soluble initiator, and found that the longer the hydrophobic chain length of the surfactant, the smaller the latex particles. 23 Kaler and coworkers also have produced small latexes from styrene and from several different methacrylic esters using cationic surfactants. 12,19,24 -26 Larpent and Tadros found optimum mixtures of nonionic surfactants, to form microemulsions of MMA and of styrene in water, and produced small latex particles at varied surfactant-to-monomer ratios using ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide as a redox initiator.…”

Methacrylate-based nanoparticles produced by microemulsion polymerization

“…Microemulsion polymerization has been studied by several groups. Some examples areas follows: Gan and coworkers produced PMMA in ternary microemulsions using the cationic surfactants stearyl trimethylammonium chloride (STAC), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) with either a water‐soluble or an oil‐soluble initiator and found that the longer the hydrophobic chain length of the surfactant, the smaller the latex particles 23. Kaler and coworkers also have produced small latexes from styrene and from several different methacrylic esters using cationic surfactants 12, 19, 24–26.…”