Growth of polyoxomolybdate with a porous pyramidal structure on carbon xerogel nanodiamond as an efficient electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

Schematic illustration for the preparation of polyoxomolybdate with a pyramidal structure for ORR.

MXenes vs. clays: emerging and traditional 2D layered nanoarchitectonics

“…• Clay-based materials as electrical insulators (dielectrics) 112,113 • Components for supercapacitors [120][121][122] • Energy production and storage • Electrical resistances by assembly of clays/graphite 114 • Use in photovoltaic devices 123 • Fuel-cell electrodes 115 • Thermoelectric power generation 124 • Carbon-clay and conducting polymer-clay composites for energy storage 99,[116][117][118][119] • Electrodes in Zn-air batteries, Li/Na ion batteries, Li-S batteries 25,121,[125][126][127] • Photoactive materials • Photodegradation of organic pollutants 128,129 • Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water, such as dye waste 132,133 • Protection from solar and UV-radiation 130 • Photocatalytic fuel production, such as hydrogen H 2 evolution from water splitting, and CO 2 reduction 133,134 • Protection from the photodegradation of labile pesticides 131 • Polymer nanocomposites • Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of nylon, epoxy, unsaturated polyester, engineering resins, etc. 5,7,135 • MXene-polymer nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties 143,144 • Improved flame retardancy of thermoplastics and thermosets 136 • MXene compounds for flame retardancy 145 • Materials applied in the automotive, medical and healthcare, adhesive, building and construction sectors [137][138][139] • NH 3 sensing and monitoring devices…”

“…In this way, replacing clay by MXenes in carbon-clay materials by applying top-down and bottom-up methodologies, it is expected to obtain higher conducting materials. In this way, MXene-carbon composites can be prepared from polymers such as PAN 219 and block copolymer P123/melamine-formaldehyde resin, 122 or from carbon gases such as ethene, 220 obtaining carbon nanofibers, mesoporous carbons and CNT, respectively, assembled on the MXenes. As well, these composites have been obtained from the intimate mixture of the carbon particles and the MXenes, as a top-down process, by dispersion in the liquid phase of graphene 221,222 or CNT 223 and MXenes, or by direct grinding of these components.…”

Progress and Prospects of MXene-Based Hybrid Composites for Next-Generation Energy Technology

“…Creating MXene-based 2D layered materials and preventing them from oxidizing at ambient temperatures remains challenging. Nyquist plots of NMC@MXene-30, MXene, and NMC (with an enlarged view of the high-frequency regime), (f) cycling stability performance of NMC@MXene-30 and NMC at a scan rate of 100 mV s −1 ; (g) CV curves at various scan rates, (h) cycling stability at a scan rate of 100 mV s −1 and Ragone plots, (i) gravimetric energy and power densities, and (j) volumetric energy and power densities of the electrode material in comparison with previously reported materials, 197 Copyright © 2023 Royal society of chemistry. 205 Copyright © 2022 American chemical society.…”

“…This synthesis method highlights the benefits of employing MXene as a buttress for arranging mesoporous carbon in innovative designs that may be utilized for energy storage, producing a spacer to prevent MXene sheet restacking and a high specific surface area. 197…”

Unleashing the Potential of MXene‐Based Flexible Materials for High‐Performance Energy Storage Devices

“…Their electrode materials, including carbon materials and other nonmetallic materials with large specific surface area and high conductivity, possess relatively low density and limited contact area with electrolytes. [ 195 ] Fortunately, the doping of these materials into MXenes could always supply extra sites for ion transport as well as illustrating enhanced flexibility and stability. Early in 2014, Gogotsi's group creatively reported MXene‐based composites that reach high capacitance.…”