Growth Of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Streptolysin O Production In Complex and Synthetic Media

Dassy, Bruno; Alouf, Joseph E.

doi:10.1099/00221287-129-3-643

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The total time of persistence in their studies is unknown, since survival was not measured beyond 3 weeks (46). Their CDM formulation differs from the one used in this study in terms of amino acid, vitamin, NADH, and salt concentrations (13). Therefore, the nutrient concentrations and/or NADH/NAD ϩ ratios may affect the maintenance of a stationary-phase population of S. pyogenes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence ofStreptococcus pyogenesin Stationary-Phase Cultures

Wood

Chaussee

et al. 2005

J Bacteriol

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In addition to causing fulminant disease, Streptococcus pyogenes may be asymptomatically carried between recurrent episodes of pharyngitis. To better understand streptococcal carriage, we characterized in vitro long-term stationary-phase survival (>4 weeks) of S. pyogenes. When grown in sugar-limited Todd-Hewitt broth, S. pyogenes cells remained culturable for more than 1 year. Both Todd-Hewitt supplemented with excess glucose and chemically defined medium allowed survival for less than 1 week. After 4 weeks of survival in sugar-limited Todd-Hewitt broth, at least 10 3 CFU per ml remained. When stained with fluorescent live-dead viability stain, there were a number of cells with intact membranes that were nonculturable. Under conditions that did not support persistence, these cells disappeared 2 weeks after loss of culturability. In persistent cultures, these may be cells that are dying during cell turnover. After more than 4 weeks in stationary phase, the culturable cells formed two alternative colony phenotypes: atypical large colonies and microcolonies. Protein expression in two independently isolated microcolony strains, from 14-week cultures, was examined by use of two-dimensional electrophoresis. The proteomes of these two strains exhibited extensive changes compared to the parental strain. While some of these changes were common to the two strains, many of the changes were unique to a single strain. Some of the common changes were in metabolic pathways, suggesting a possible alternate metabolism for the persisters. Overall, these data suggest that under certain in vitro conditions, S. pyogenes cells can persist for greater than 1 year as a dynamic population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence ofStreptococcus pyogenesin Stationary-Phase Cultures

Wood

Chaussee

et al. 2005

J Bacteriol

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“…When healthy, these epithelia are poor in glucose [23,24], and since glucose is an important nutrient for GAS [25], this makes them poor substrates for GAS proliferation. In contrast, when the epithelia are inflamed, the influx of a plasma exudate supplies glucose and other nutrients, which can be exploited by the bacteria [23,26,27].…”

Section: Which Infection Types Are Actually Adaptive?mentioning

confidence: 99%

To harm or not to harm? On the evolution and expression of virulence in group A streptococci

Waldetoft

Råberg

2014

Trends in Microbiology

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“…We set out to determine what role AD may play in S. pyogenes. Several groups have previously shown that group A streptococci can grow in chemically defined media, but group A streptococci are fastidious feeders and the medium must be supplemented with over 18 amino acids, a range of B vitamins, salts, and glucose to achieve growth rates comparable to those attained in complex media (15,30,34,44). Therefore, it seems unlikely that the main function of the AD system in group A streptococci is to provide energy and metabolic intermediates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Isogenic Mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo Lacking the Ability To Make Streptococcal Acid Glycoprotein

et al. 2000

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An isogenic mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo that lacks the ability to make streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP) has been constructed by inserting a deletion in the sagp gene using the method of allelic exchange. An assay of cell extracts (CE) prepared from the wild-type and mutant Manfredo strains for the enzyme arginine deiminase (AD) showed that significant activity was present in wild-type CE but none could be detected in mutant CE. These findings confirm our earlier conclusion that SAGP has AD activity (B. Wild-type CE but not mutant CE potently inhibited human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, and this inhibition was overcome by the addition of L-arginine to proliferation assay mixtures. Invasion assays showed that the isogenic mutant organisms lacking SAGP, and thus AD activity, were between three and five times less able to enter epithelial cells (Hep-2C and A549) than were the wild-type streptococci. Both wild-type and mutant S. pyogenes bacteria were extremely sensitive to low pH. However, L-arginine (1 mM or above) significantly increased the viability of the wild type but not the isogenic mutant organisms under acidic conditions. The difference in acid susceptibility between wild-type and mutant bacteria may explain the reduced capacity of the isogenic mutant bacteria to invade and survive intracellularly.AStreptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) is an important human pathogen, infections with which can lead to acute disorders such as pharyngitis, erysipelas, otitis media, and impetigo or to pathogenic sequelae including glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever and reactive arthritis (6,7,21,29,42,53). In the last decade there has been a dramatic resurgence in the incidence of serious streptococcal infections; in particular, the number of cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and necrotising fasciitis has increased (11). A greater understanding of the ways in which this pathogen interacts with the host, the virulence factors that it produces, and the identification of possible targets for vaccine design are required.During a previous study, it was observed that cell extracts (CE) prepared from a wide range of S. pyogenes strains potently inhibited antigen-, superantigen-, or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in vitro (16,17). Purification of the inhibitory component present in CE of S. pyogenes Manfredo by anion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography yielded a single protein. When sequenced, this protein was found to have an NH 2 -terminal sequence identical to streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP), which had been isolated from S. pyogenes Su (23,24,56,57). SAGP has 31 to 39% amino acid identity to arginine deiminase (AD) from Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma arginini, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3). It was subsequently shown that CE obtained from several group A streptococcal strains all contained AD activit...

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Growth Of Streptococcus Pyogenes and Streptolysin O Production In Complex and Synthetic Media

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Persistence ofStreptococcus pyogenesin Stationary-Phase Cultures

Persistence ofStreptococcus pyogenesin Stationary-Phase Cultures

To harm or not to harm? On the evolution and expression of virulence in group A streptococci

Characterization of an Isogenic Mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo Lacking the Ability To Make Streptococcal Acid Glycoprotein

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