Growth of TeO2 single crystals by the low temperature gradient Czochralski method with nonuniform heating

A low-temperature n-propanol gas sensor based on TeO2 nanowires as the sensing layer

“…1-4 Among these 1D nanomaterials, semiconducting nanowires have shown exciting potential and relevance for their special technological applications due to not only the superior optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, but also their high efficiency and activity caused by their large surface area and high nano-scale size. 13 Li et al reported that TeO 2 single crystals with large size of 52 Â 52 Â 80 mm 3 and high quality were obtained along h110i direction by the modied Bridgman method. [8][9][10][11][12] The conventional processing of TeO 2 materials has just been used for preparing bulk materials and thin lms.…”

“…Kokh et al prepared large TeO 2 single crystals by a low temperature gradient Czochralski method with nonuniform heating in a modied furnace. 13 Li et al reported that TeO 2 single crystals with large size of 52 Â 52 Â 80 mm 3 and high quality were obtained along h110i direction by the modied Bridgman method. 14 16 Although TeO 2 materials have been widely investigated in optical applications, only few works are related to the synthesis and n-propanol gas sensing properties of TeO 2 nanostructures up to now.…”

Low-temperature aqueous solution growth of the acousto-optic TeO2 single crystals

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] As an excellent AO crystal, tellurium dioxide (TeO 2 ) has a melting point of 733 1C, a density of 6.0 g cm À3 , a large refractive index [8][9][10][11] (n e = 2.430, n o = 2.274 at a wavelength of 500 nm), and a high transmittance of visible light (transmittance of more than 70% at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, and more than 90% after coating). [12][13][14][15] More importantly, due to its large photoelastic coefficient, the speed of sound of shear waves propagating in the h110i direction is very low (only 616 m s À1 ), and this leads to a high AO figure of merit (M2 = n 6 p 2 /rv À3 = 7.93 Â 10 À16 s 3 g À1 ), which is superior to other common AO materials such as PbMoO 4 . 14 In addition to excellent AO properties, 16 TeO 2 crystals also show double-b decay properties due to the high natural abundance of 130 Te, 17,18 and are utilized for neutrino detection.…”

“…12,30 In 1969, Liebertz 31 successfully grew α-TeO 2 single crystals for the first time using the Czochralski method. 13,32 α-TeO 2 single crystals were mainly grown using the Czochralski method before 2006, but the α-TeO 2 crystals easily cracked, and further increase in diameter was challenging during the crystal pulling process. Later, α-TeO 2 crystals with dimensions of 52 × 52 × 80 mm 3 were successfully grown using an improved Bridgman method.…”