Growth of the graafian follicle and the time of ovulation in the albino rat

Boling, John L.; Blandau, Richard J.; Soderwall, A. L.; Young, William C.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090790305

Cited by 83 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…X75 pus luteum. BOILING et al (1941) described by light microscopy of tissue sections that, in the rat, follicular growth requires all of the estrous cycle. The present paper suggests that, in the rat, follicular growth occurs at the diestrus; it demonstrates that the proper vascular pattern of the rat ovarian follicle starts as a basketlike wreath of fine capillaries investing the primary follicle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study on the rat, such a multilayered or thickened follicular wreath could not be found except for the closed and thickened wreath after ovulation. BOILING et al (1941) found by light microscopy of tissue sections that, in the rat, ovulation takes place near the end of the estrus (or heat). BLANDAU (1955) observed the process of ovulation in the rat under a light microscope, and showed that the first indication of impending ovulation is the appearance on the outer surface of the follicle of a small area, stigma, where the flow of blood slows and then ceases (first stage of ovulation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The blood vascular wreath of rat ovarian follicle, with special reference to its changes in ovulation and luteinization: A scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts.

Murakami

Ikebuchi

Ohtsuka

et al. 1988

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Summary. Blood vascular casts of rat ovaries were prepared by injection of a low viscosity methacrylate medium, and observed by scanning electron microscopy. The proper vascular pattern of the rat ovarian follicle starts as a basket-like wreath of fine capillaries around the primary follicle. As the follicle grows larger, the wreath becomes more developed. The fully developed wreath around the Graafian follicle consists of sinusoidal capillaries. In ovulation, the apical area of the wreath is opened and the basal area of the wreath is elevated. After ovulation, the wreath shrinks and its opened area is closed, with markedly dilated vessels directly continuous with the arterial capillaries. The wreath then transforms, by intense new formation of capillaries, into a conglomerated sinusoidal capillary plexus with an avascular area within it. The avascular area soon disappears by continued intense formation of capillaries in the plexus, and a complete and dense vascular network of the corpus luteum is formed. The capillaries of the fully developed corpus luteum are small in caliber and not sinusoidal in nature. Discontinuities of the capillaries and a flattening of the efferent branches are the initial signs of the degeneration of the corpus luteum. The small markedly degenerated corpus luteum contains only scattered thready capillaries. The corpus albicans contains few blood vessels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The blood vascular wreath of rat ovarian follicle, with special reference to its changes in ovulation and luteinization: A scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts.

Murakami

Ikebuchi

Ohtsuka

et al. 1988

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…during the third hour. However, Odor and Blandau did not determine ovulation time directly but depended upon the generalization made earlier, that ovulation is proceeding or has been completed in most rats 10 hr after they show a specified copulatory response to handling (Boling et al 1941). N ow Boling et al also found that ovulation began in the rats as a group about 6)f-7~ hr after the response, so that Odor and Blandau's ( 1951) "first hour after ovulation" is therefore about the fourth hour after the commencement of ovulation in the rats as a group.…”

Section: (C) Time Relations Of Sperm Penetration In Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Relations and Their Significance in the Ovulation and Penetration of Eggs in Rats and Rabbits

Austin¹,

Braden²

1954

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryObservations have been made on a total of 577 mated adult rats and 52 mated rabbits.The mean number of eggs recovered from 362 rats killed between lO.oo a.m. and 5.00 p.m. on the day of ovulation was 9.6 per rat (S.D. 2.2, range 2-20 eggs), or 4.8 per fallopian tube (S.D. 1.9, range 0-13 eggs).In rats mated under normal colony conditions, ovulation occurred between 12.00 midnight and 4.00 a.m. The ovulation of six eggs in anyone rat took about 1 hr. Penetration by sperms occurred 2-4 hr after ovulation. The penetration of all eggs in anyone rat took a mean time of m~ hr. Pronuclei were formed about 3 hr after sperm penetration.In rats kept under conditions of controlled illumination (light from 3.00 p.m. to 5.00 a.m.; dark from 5.00 a.m. to 3.00 p.m.), ovulation occurred between 11.00 a.m. and 3.00 p.m. The duration of the ovulation period (4 hr) and the time between the beginning of darkness and the commencement of ovulation (about 6 hr) were the same as in the rats mated under normal colony conditions. Similar also were the mean time for ovulation of six eggs in any one rat (:\I hr), the interval between ovulation and sperm penetration ( 2*-4 hr ), the time required for penetration of· all eggs in anyone rat (3 hr), and the time between the penetration of the eggs and the formation of pronuclei (4 hr). Penetration of all the eggs in anyone fallopian tube took about 2 hr.In the course of penetrating the eggs, sperms spent a mean time of * hr in the perivitelline space.Groups of rats were mated at 3.00 a.m. (when ovulation was still in progress), at 7.00 a.m., or at 11.00 a.m. In each instance sperm penetration did not begin until at least 2 hr later. Such a period for the "capacitation" of the sperms is therefore probably normal and does not reflect merely a post-ovulatory alteration in the functional state of the tubes.In rabbits, sperm penetration began about 10 hr after mating, and all eggs were penetrated by the thirteenth hour. With coitus at the time of induced ovuntion, penetrated eggs were not fOlUnd until 5 hr later, although sperms were present at 4 hr. It appears therefore that capacitation of sperms in the rabbit takes about 5 hr.The delay of 2-4 hr between ovulation and sperm penetration in normally mated rats suggests that a change, possibly a final stage of maturation, must take place in the egg membranes of the adult rat before sperms can enter the eggs. As no delay was observed in the rabbit, it seems that maturation of the rabbit egg is complete at ovulation.

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“…Others take the largest diameter or the volume of the follicles as the distinguishing criterion (Boling, Blandau, Soderwall & Young, 1941;Paesi, 1949), while still others use a combination of the number of cell layers and follicle diameter to describe the stage of follicle development (Bullough, 1942;Ingram, 1959;Knigge & Leathem, 1956). Variations in the size of the oocyte in addition to the variation in size of the follicle has only rarely been taken into account to describe the follicle development (Mandl & Zuckerman, 1952;Peters & Borum, 1961;Brambell, 1956 Figs.…”

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confidence: 99%