Growth of Tobacco Protoplasts Stimulated by Synthetic Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides

Röhrig, Horst; Schmidt, Jürgen; Walden, Richard; Czaja, Inge; Miklaševičs, Edvīns; Wieneke, Ursula; Schell, Jeff; John, Michael

doi:10.1126/science.269.5225.841

Cited by 73 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…LCO signals (nodulation factors) secreted by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia were shown to play a key role in inducing nodule organogenesis in leguminous plants (1). Moreover, synthetic LCOs are efficient at femtomolar concentrations to alleviate the requirement of the phytohormones auxin and cytokinin to sustain growth of cultured protoplasts of the nonlegume tobacco (2). Within the tobacco cell, LCO and auxin signals are transduced via separate pathways that converge at, or before, the transcription of AXI1, a gene implicated in mitogen signaling.…”

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confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal

John¹,

Schmidt²,

Walden³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Medical Sciences. In the article "t(11;22)(q23;q11.2) in acute myeloid leukemia of infant twins fuses MLL with hCDCrel, a cell division cycle gene in the genomic region of deletion in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes" by Maureen D. Megonigal, Eric F. Rappaport, Douglas H. Jones, Terrence M. Williams, Brian D. Lovett, Kara M. Kelly, Paul H. Lerou, Thomas Moulton, Marcia L. Budarf, and Carolyn A. Felix, which appeared in number 11, May 26, 1998, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (95, pp. 6413-6418), the authors wish to note the following corrections. On page 6414, column 2, line 4, the text should read: "The 24-l ligation reaction mixture contained 0.5 g" not "0.05 g" as printed. Also, on page 6415, column 1, line 56, the text should read: "AmpliTaq DNA polymerase, all four dNTPs (each at 200 M)" not "(each at 250 M)" as printed.Medical Sciences. In the article "Potent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by an intracellular anti-Rev single-chain antibody" by Lingxun Duan, Omar Bagasra, Mark A. Laughlin, Joseph W. Oakes, and Roger J. Pomerantz, which appeared in number 11, May 24, 1994, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (91, 5075-5079), the undersigned authors wish to note the following: "The sequence of the heavy chain of the D8 anti-Rev single chain variable fragment (SFv) has been reanalyzed and found to be not what was reported in the article. It is likely that the coding DNA was derived from the fusion partner cell line used to make the original D8 hybridoma, and not from the heavy chain gene expressed by the B cell precursor to this hybridoma. There is a deletion in the framework region 3 (FR3) leading to a framehsift in CDR3 and downstream regions of the heavy chain gene. Individual nucleotide differences make this sequence very close to that described [Thammana, P. (1994)

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confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal

John¹,

Schmidt²,

Walden³

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, the kinetics were substantially different and lasted longer, indicating a different quality of the ionic perturbations, which may be crucial for the correct interpretation towards downstream activation processes. Since Nod factors and the structurally related chito-oligosaccharides have been shown to induce common responses in some test systems (Rö hrig et al, 1995;Savouré et al, 1997;Staehelin et al, 1994), the signalling pathways triggered by both compounds are likely to overlap partially. It remains to be shown by future experiments which elements of the signal transduction cascade are modulated in a specific way to allow the discrimination between elicitors of plant defence and symbiotic signals.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of ion fluxes in Nod factor signalling in Medicago sativa

et al. 1998

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SummaryUsing ion-selective microelectrodes, the basis of Nod factor-induced changes in the plasma membrane potential was analysed by measuring the extracellular free concentrations of Ca 2⍣ , K ⍣ , H ⍣ and Cl -in the root hair zone of alfalfa. After addition of the Rhizobium meliloti Nod factor NodRm-IV(C16:2,S) at a concentration of 0.1 µM, a decrease in [Ca 2⍣ ] was observed first, which was followed after a few seconds by an increase of [Cl -], by an alkalinization, and then by a delayed increase of [K ⍣ ], all of which were transient changes. Simultaneously with the appearance of Cl -ions in the root hair zone, a decrease in cytosolic [Cl -] was measured. It was concluded that the depolarization was caused by temporary short-circuiting of the proton pump through the rapid release of Cl -ions along their steep electrochemical gradient. Since under resting conditions the driving force for K ⍣ ions was inwardly directed, their release was delayed until their driving force was inverted. This indicates that K ⍣ serves as a charge balance that eventually stops depolarization and initiates repolarization. Since the decrease in [Ca 2⍣ ] was observed seconds before the increase in [Cl -] and the depolarization, it is argued that Ca 2⍣ entering into the cell does not cause the depolarization directly, but might initiate it by triggering the activation of an anion channel that then releases the chloride ions. The observations that the Ca 2⍣ ionophore A23187 mimicks the Nod factor response, and that the Ca 2⍣ channel antagonist nifedipine inhibits this response, support the idea that Ca 2⍣ plays a primary role in the transduction of the Nod signal in alfalfa.

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“…In addition, plant hormones appear to play a role in Nod factor action since treatment with auxin transport inhibitors and secretion of trans-zeatin by bacteria can result in pseudo-nodule formation (Cooper and Long, 1994;Hirsch et al, 1989; for review see . Recently, RShrig et al (1995) found that synthetic lipochitooligosaccharides can replace plant hormones to stimulate cell divisions in tobacco protoplasts. In the absence of Rhizobium meliloti, alfalfa nodules can also be induced spontaneously under nitrogen-limiting growth conditions demonstrating that these plants have the capacity to induce the nodulation program (Truchet et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots

et al. 1996

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SummaryUnder nitrogen limitation, Rhizobium meliloti Nod factors induce cell divisions in the inner cortex of alfalfa roots in a still unknown way. These cell division clusters subsequently develop into symbiotically nitrogen-fixing nodules. To study the involvement of plant signals in nodule initiation transgenic alfalfa carrying the promoter of the early nodulin gene MsEnod12A fused to the reporter gene gusA were generated. In untreated plants, low level GUS staining was only found in lateral root primordia and in front of the root apices. After inoculation with R. meliloti or after treatment with purified Nod factors, GUS activity was first induced in the cell division foci of the inner cortex. The GUS staining patterns in nodules and roots were in agreement with the activation of the endogenous MsEnod12A gene as revealed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis, rendering the MsEnod12A-gusA fusion a valuable novel marker for studying the onset of nodule and lateral root developmental processes. Treatment of roots with purified Nod factors and cytokinins induced similar patterns of cortical cell division, GUS staining and amyloplast accumulation while upon application of auxin transport inhibitors and auxins these patterns were different. Like the Nod factor responses, the cytokinin responses required photosynthesis and limiting combined nitrogen supply. Thus, cytokinins and Nod factors may share elements of their signal transduction pathways to the inner root cortex. A model on the possible involvement of cytokinins in coordinating plant metabolism with nodule initiation is proposed.

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Growth of Tobacco Protoplasts Stimulated by Synthetic Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

RETRACTED: Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal

RETRACTED: Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal

The role of ion fluxes in Nod factor signalling in Medicago sativa

Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots

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