Growth of young HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in western Kenya: A retrospective chart review

McHenry, Megan S.; Apondi, Edith; Ayaya, Samuel; Yang, Ziyi; Li, Wenfang; Tu, Wanzhu; Bi, Guanying; Sang, Edwin; Vreeman, Rachel C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224295

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is important to recognize there may be confounding variables, such as diet, that were not captured as part of this study. However, these results corroborate with other reports of stunting among HIV+ children [33,37,38]. Overall, our results show HIV-exposed infants and children had poorer overall growth regardless of whether they are HIV-or HIV+.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D status, nutrition and growth in HIV-infected mothers and HIV-exposed infants and children in Botswana

et al. 2020

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Background Poor vitamin D status is a global health problem and common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in high-income countries. There is less evidence on prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and nutrition and growth in HIV-infected and-exposed children in lowand middle-income countries. Objectives To determine the vitamin D status in Batswana HIV-infected mothers and their children, differences among HIV-infected mothers and between HIV-exposed and-infected infants and children, and associations between vitamin D and disease-related outcomes, nutrition, and growth. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of HIV+ mothers and HIV-exposed infants and unrelated children (1-7.9 years). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured, among other nutritional indicators, for mothers, infants and children. Vitamin D status for HIV-infected mothers and children, and an immune panel was assessed. History of HIV anti-retroviral medications and breastfeeding were obtained. Data were collected prior to universal combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D status, nutrition and growth in HIV-infected mothers and HIV-exposed infants and children in Botswana

et al. 2020

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“…51 In our study, HEU infants had a high prevalence of stunting, which increased with age (32%, 43%, and 58% at age 6 weeks, 12 months, and 18 months, respectively) (see Table 2, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/QAI/B643), a finding that has been documented in 3 previous longitudinal cohorts in LMICs. 9,39,43 The prevalence of wasting (5%-13%) and underweight (7%-15%) in our study was similar to other LMIC cohorts. 9,39,43 Likewise, the prevalence of microcephaly in our study was similar to another study in Zimbabwe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…9,39,43 The prevalence of wasting (5%–13%) and underweight (7%–15%) in our study was similar to other LMIC cohorts. 9,39,43 Likewise, the prevalence of microcephaly in our study was similar to another study in Zimbabwe. 49…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth Faltering and Developmental Delay in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Ugandan Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Sirajee

Conroy

Namasopo

et al. 2021

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background: HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at increased risk of impaired early linear growth and cognitive development. We examined associations between prenatal and postnatal growth and subsequent neurodevelopment in Ugandan HEU infants, hypothesizing that early insults may explain alterations in both somatic growth and brain development. Methods:We prospectively followed a cohort of HEU infants from birth to 18 months of age, and measured length/height, weight, head, and arm circumference longitudinally. The Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT, 12 and 18 months) and the Color Object Association Test (18 months) were used for developmental assessments.Results: Among 170 HEU infants, the prevalence of low-birth weight and failure to thrive was 7.6% and 37%, respectively. HEU infants had MDAT scores that were similar to the reference population. The mean (SD) score on the Color Object Association Test was 5.5 (3.1) compared with 6.9 (5.3) in developmentally normal children. Developmental ability at age 18 months showed strong cross-sectional correlation with weight-for-age (r = 0.36, P , 0.0001), length/height-for-age (r = 0.41, P , 0.0001), head circumference-for-age (r = 0.26, P = 0.0011), and mid-upper arm circumference-for-age (r = 0.34, P = 0.0014). There was a statistically significant correlation between birth weight and MDAT z-score at 18 months (r = 0.20, P = 0.010). Failure to thrive was associated with lower MDAT z-score [median 20.13 (IQR 20.75 to +0.14) versus +0.14 (IQR 20.44 to +0.63), P = 0.042]. Conclusion:Growth faltering in HEU infants was associated with lower attainment of developmental milestones at age 18 months. Our findings point to a simple screening method for identifying HEU infants at risk for developmental intervention.

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“…While several studies have shown a negative relationship between HIV infected children and attained growth [ 8 – 10 ], there were no studies, to the best of our knowledge, which studied the relationship between HIV exposure and linear growth velocity. There are concerns that children who are HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) are at risk of deficiencies in multiple micronutrients that play an important role in child growth and development [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing growth velocity of HIV exposed and non-exposed infants: An observational study of infants enrolled in a randomized control trial in Zambia

et al. 2021

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Background Impaired growth among infants remains one of the leading nutrition problems globally. In this study, we aimed to compare the growth trajectory rate and evaluate growth trajectory characteristics among children, who are HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU), under two years in Zambia. Method Our study used data from the ROVAS II study (PACTR201804003096919), an open-label randomized control trial of two verses three doses of live, attenuated, oral RotarixTM administered 6 &10 weeks or at 6 &10 weeks plus an additional dose at 9 months of age, conducted at George clinic in Lusaka, Zambia. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were collected on all scheduled and unscheduled visits. We defined linear growth velocity as the rate of change in height and estimated linear growth velocity as the first derivative of the mixed effect model with fractional polynomial transformations and, thereafter, used the second derivative test to determine the peak height and age at peak heigh. Results We included 212 infants in this study with median age 6 (IQR: 6–6) weeks of age. Of these 97 (45.3%) were female, 35 (16.4%) were stunted, and 59 (27.6%) were exposed to HIV at baseline. Growth velocity was consistently below the 3rd percentile of the WHO linear growth standard for HEU and HUU children. The peak height and age at peak height among HEU children were 74.7 cm (95% CI = 73.9–75.5) and 15.5 months (95% CI = 14.7–16.3) respectively and those for HUU were 73 cm (95% CI = 72.1–74.0) and 15.6 months (95% CI = 14.5–16.6) respectively. Conclusion We found no difference in growth trajectories between infants who are HEU and HUU. However, the data suggests that poor linear growth is universal and profound in this cohort and may have already occurred in utero.

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Growth of young HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in western Kenya: A retrospective chart review

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Vitamin D status, nutrition and growth in HIV-infected mothers and HIV-exposed infants and children in Botswana

Vitamin D status, nutrition and growth in HIV-infected mothers and HIV-exposed infants and children in Botswana

Growth Faltering and Developmental Delay in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Ugandan Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Comparing growth velocity of HIV exposed and non-exposed infants: An observational study of infants enrolled in a randomized control trial in Zambia

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