Growth patterns of Italian ryegrass cultivars established in different seasons

Goodenough, D.C.W.; MacDonald, C.; Morrison, Arthur

doi:10.1080/02566702.1984.9647977

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is best adapted to areas with long seasons of cool, moist weather, and well drained soils but can be tolerant to a wide range of soils and climates. The optimum planting date for irrigated annual ryegrass in South Africa is in February, hence it can be used as a source of feed in late autumn, winter, spring and early summer (Goodenough et al 1984). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage yield and quality response of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to different water and nitrogen levels

Abraha

Truter

Annandale

et al. 2015

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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Water and nitrogen shortages in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) production can be improved by using proper irrigation and nitrogen scheduling methods. The aim of this research was to analyse the effect of water and nitrogen application on dry matter production and forage quality of annual ryegrass. Treatments consisted of three irrigation levels, scheduling application to field capacity once every two weeks (W1), once a week (W2) or twice a week (W3) and three nitrogen levels, top-dressing after each harvest at a rate of 0 (N1), 30 (N2) or 60 (N3) kg N h -1 cycle -1 . Yield increased as a function of the amount of water and nitrogen fertiliser applied. The dry matter (DM) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) were higher in the treatments being irrigated once every two weeks. These results conclude that higher irrigation coupled with high nitrogen application significantly improved the dry matter yield, while water stress, to some extent, did improve the quality of the pasture by increasing the DM content, IVOMD, CP and ME values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage yield and quality response of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to different water and nitrogen levels

Abraha

Truter

Annandale

et al. 2015

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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“…This amount is commonly determined from a class A evaporation pan, with daily evaporation typically 3-4 mm in the winter (Tainton 2000). Regardless of differences in climatic and soil factors, most agriculturalists recommend 25 mm irrigation week −1 (minus rainfall) for annual ryegrass, to avoid drought (Goodenough et al 1984;van Heerden 1986;Eckard 1989;Harris and Bartholomew 1991;Le Roux et al 1991). However, according to Steynberg et al (1993), there is a 20% variation in production potential of temperate species between seasons, due to weather and rainfall distribution.…”

Section: Water Use and Requirements Of High-value Pasture Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern African pasture and forage science entering the 21st century: past to present

Truter

Botha²,

Dannhauser³

et al. 2015

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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Confucius once said that there are three methods we learn wisdom: firstly, by reflection, which is the noblest; secondly, by imitation, which is the easiest; and thirdly, by experience, which is the bitterest. The purpose of this review is to highlight how research priorities in pasture and forage sciences have evolved in southern Africa from the early 20th century into the second decade of the 21st century. Peer-reviewed scientific publications of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa form the basis of the review, which (1) identifies the main fields of pasture and forage science research, (2) evaluates and prioritises the main findings and progress within each of these research fields, and (3) makes recommendations regarding future research priorities. The history of southern African pasture and forage sciences has created a steady foundation for the further growth and development of this discipline in the 21st century. This science, together with rangeland science (which is not discussed in this paper), will remain and become a more important component of a sustainable solution in ensuring food security in the world, by means of animal production and degraded land rehabilitation. A reflection on the 20th century In 1888 F Blersch, the principal of the Agricultural School at the Victoria College, in Stellenbosch, identified the need for improved pasture plants. In the early 1900s research on pasture species escalated. Cooperative trials were initiated with farmers and much attention was given to subtropical grasses (Hall 1934). Towards the end of the decade in 1907-1908, the increased need for winter pastures was identified. Many reports concluded that imported grasses were performing better than natural species. The year 1908 saw the introduction of some of our well-known exotic species, with no further

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“…Lolium multiflorum is a well known winter forage in South Africa. This is due to its high-yielding potential in the critical period between late winter and early summer (Goodenough, MacDonald & Morrison, 1984;Eckard, 1989). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compatibility of Trifolium resupinatum cv. Shaftal Maral and Lolium multiflorum (type Westerwolds) cv. Energa in mixtures as affected by nitrogen application and different seeding rates

Berg

Kruger

Lello

1992

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at four different rates to pure and mixed stands of irrigated Trifolium resupinatum and Lolium multijlorum to study their compatibility. Dry matter production, crude protein content, crude protein production and the Land Equivalent Ratio were determined for each treatment. Results showed that pure stands of grass and clover did not out yield any of the mixtures, planted at three different grass seeding rates. The botanical composition of the mixtures shifted from a grass dominant to a clover dominant sward during the growing season, notably with no or little nitrogen application. The crude protein content of the grass in mixtures benefitted from the presence of the clover at low nitrogen levels, probably either by transference of clover fixed nitrogen or by less competition between grass and clover plants for applied nitrogen. In terms of the Land Equivalent Ratio the pure grass, fertilized with 540 kg N ha-1 had no yield advantage over any of the mixtures. Also, the mixtures showed no response to either increased nitrogen application or grass seeding rates.Stikstofbemesting teen vier verskillende peile is op suiwer stande en mengsels van besproeide Trifolium resupinatum en Lolium mullijlorum toegedien om die verenigbaarheid van die gewasse te bepaal. Die droe massaproduksie, ruprote'ieninhoud, ruprote"ienproduksie en die Ekwivalente Grondoppervlakteverhouding is bereken vir elke behandeling. Resultate het getoon dat suiwer stande van sowel die gras as klawer nie meer geproduseer het as die van die mengsels wat by drie verskillende grassaaidigthede geplant is nie. Die botaniese samesteliing van die mengsels het verskuif van grasdominant na klawerdominant deur die groeiseisoen, veral waar geen of min stikstof toegedien is. Die ruprote"ieninhoud van die gras in mengsels het voordeel getrek uit die teenwoordigheid van klawer by lae stikstofvlakke, moontlik deur 6f die oordraging van gebinde stikstof 6f verlaagde kompetisie tussen die gras-en klawerplante vir toegediende stikstof. In terme van die Ekwivalente Grondoppervlakteverhouding het die suiwer gras, bemes met 540 kg N ha-1 , nie beter presteer as enige van die mengselsnie. Verder het die mengsels geen reaksie op beide stikstoftoediening of grassaaidigtheid getoon nie.

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Growth patterns of Italian ryegrass cultivars established in different seasons

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Forage yield and quality response of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to different water and nitrogen levels

Forage yield and quality response of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to different water and nitrogen levels

Southern African pasture and forage science entering the 21st century: past to present

The compatibility of Trifolium resupinatum cv. Shaftal Maral and Lolium multiflorum (type Westerwolds) cv. Energa in mixtures as affected by nitrogen application and different seeding rates

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