Growth performance and gut health of <i>Escherichia coli</i>–challenged weaned pigs fed canola meal-containing diet

Hong, Jinsu; Ariyibi, Samuel; Antony, Linto; Scaria, Joy; Dilberger-Lawson, Steven; Francis, David; Woyengo, T. A.

doi:10.1093/jas/skab196

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The count of WBC is one of the most common diagnostic indications of infection. WBC are an important part of the immune system that fights against infections in the body [ 54 ]. While neutrophils are the first cells to move into infected tissues during inflammatory reactions and phagocytose bacteria with their particles, lymphocytes produce specialized cellular and humoral immune responses [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimbiotic Supplementation Alleviates Poor Performance and Gut Integrity in Weaned Piglets Induced by Challenge with E. coli

Song

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2022

Animals

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stimbiotic (STB), a xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide complex. A total of 36 male weaned pigs with initial body weights of 8.49 ± 0.10 kg were used in a 3-week experiment. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (six replicates/treatment) of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) and three levels of STB (0, 0.5, and 1 g/kg diet). Supplementations STB 0.5 g/kg (STB5) and STB 1 g/kg (STB10) improved the G:F (p = 0.04) in piglets challenged with STEC. STB supplementation, which also decreased (p < 0.05) the white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Supplementations STB5 and STB10 improved (p < 0.01) the lymphocytes and neutrophils in piglets challenged with STEC on 14 dpi. Additionally, supplementations STB5 and STB10 improved (p < 0.01) the tumor necrosis factor-alpha in piglets challenged with STEC on 3 dpi. Supplementations STB5 and STB10 also improved the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01) in piglets challenged with STEC. Supplementation with STB reduced (p < 0.05) the expression levels of calprotectin. In conclusion, STB could alleviate a decrease of the performance, immune response, and inflammatory response induced by the STEC challenge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimbiotic Supplementation Alleviates Poor Performance and Gut Integrity in Weaned Piglets Induced by Challenge with E. coli

Song

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…In the case of ETEC challenge studies, fecal bacterial shedding has been evaluated on several accounts, but with high degrees of variability in the methodologies used. Studies have investigated parameters such as total bacterial shedding ( Wojnicki et al, 2019 ; Smith et al, 2020 ), total E. coli shedding ( Li et al, 2015 ; Becker et al, 2020 ), F4- or F18-specific E. coli shedding ( Hong et al, 2021 ), and hemolytic coliforms ( He et al, 2022 ). Given E. coli shedding can occur even in healthy pigs, the most reliable evaluation of bacterial shedding as an indicator of ETEC infection is suggested to be specific to F4 or F18 strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of methodology used in enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) challenge experiments in weanling pigs and quantitative assessment of observed variability

Dahmer

DeRouchey

Gebhardt

et al. 2023

Translational Animal Science

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Post-weaning diarrhea in pigs is often caused by the F4 or F18 strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). To evaluate interventions for ETEC, experimental infection via a challenge model is critical. Others have reviewed ETEC challenge studies, but there is a lack of explanation for the variability in responses observed. Our objective was to quantitatively summarize the responses and variability among ETEC challenge studies and develop a tool for sample size calculation. The most widely evaluated response criteria across ETEC challenge studies consist of growth performance, fecal consistency, immunoglobulins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and small intestinal morphology. However, there is variation in the responses seen following ETEC infection as well as the variability within each response criteria. Contributing factors include the type of ETEC studied, dose and timing of inoculation, and the number of replications. Generally, a reduction in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) are seen following ETEC challenge as well as a rapid increase in diarrhea. The magnitude of response in growth performance varies, and methodologies used to characterize fecal consistency are not standardized. Likewise, fecal bacterial shedding is a common indicator of ETEC infection, but the responses seen across the literature are not consistent due to differences in bacterial enumeration procedures. Emphasis should also be placed on the piglet’s immune response to ETEC, which is commonly assessed by quantifying levels of immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Again, there is variability in these responses across published work due to differences in the timing of sample collection, dose of ETEC pigs are challenged with, and laboratory practices. Small intestinal morphology is drastically altered following infection with ETEC and appears to be a less variable response criterion to evaluate. For each of these outcome variables, we have provided quantitative estimates of the responses seen across the literature as well as the variability within them. While there is a large degree of variability across ETEC challenge experiments, we have provided a quantitative summary of these studies and a Microsoft Excel-based tool was created to calculate sample sizes for future studies that can aid researchers in designing future work.

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“…The immune system depends on WBC, which includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, to control infections in the body, and the count of WBC is considered a marker of infection ( 40 ). The primary line of protection against bacterial infection is provided by neutrophils, and lymphocytes provide particular cellular and humoral immune responses ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stimbiotic supplementation on gut health, immune response, and intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli

et al. 2023

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In order to make piglet diets more effective, it is necessary to investigate effective methods for breaking down xylan in cereal. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary stimbiotic (STB) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response and intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 24 (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) weaned pigs (initial body weight of 8.01 ± 0.38 kg and 28 ± 3 d old), were assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment. Pigs were housed in individual pens for 17 days, including 5 days adaption period and 12 days after the first Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) and two levels of STB (0 and 0.5 g/kg diet). Supplementations of STB 0.5 g/kg improved the gain to feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.05) in piglets challenged with shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC). STB supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Supplementation of STB improved (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes and neutrophils in piglets challenged with STEC on 12 dpi. Supplementation of STB also improved (P < 0.05) the villus height to-crypt depth ratio of ileum in piglets challenged with STEC. Supplementation of STB increased (P < 0.05) the expression levels of claudin-1 of ileum. In genus level, supplementation of STB increased (P < 0.001) the abundance of Prevotella compared to non-supplementation of STB groups in pre-inoculation period. Also, supplementation of STB decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group compared to non-supplementation of STB groups in post-inoculation period. In phylum level, supplementation of STB increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Desulfobacterota and Fibrobacterota in pre-inoculation period. E. coli challenge increased the abundance of Fibrobacterota compared to non-challenged group in post-inoculation period. In conclusion, these findings indicated that STB supplementation could alleviate a decrease of the performance, immune response, and inflammatory response in piglets induced by the STEC challenge.

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Growth performance and gut health of Escherichia coli–challenged weaned pigs fed canola meal-containing diet

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Stimbiotic Supplementation Alleviates Poor Performance and Gut Integrity in Weaned Piglets Induced by Challenge with E. coli

Stimbiotic Supplementation Alleviates Poor Performance and Gut Integrity in Weaned Piglets Induced by Challenge with E. coli

Summary of methodology used in enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) challenge experiments in weanling pigs and quantitative assessment of observed variability

Effects of stimbiotic supplementation on gut health, immune response, and intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli

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