Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Ostriches Receiving Drinking Water Supplemented with Varying Levels of Chelated Trace Mineral Complex

Abstract

The effects of water supplementation of chelated trace minerals (CTM, which is named Bonzaplex designed with chelate compounds technology) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of minerals, and some blood metabolites, TM, and antioxidant enzyme values in African ostriches were investigated from 8 to 12 months of age. A total of 20 8-month-old ostriches (five birds in five replicate pens) was randomly allocated into one of the following four treatments: (1) control (basal diet + tap water), (2) low CTM (basal diet +100 mg/bird/day CTM powder in tap water), (3) medium CTM (basal diet +1 g/bird/day CTM powder in tap water), and (4) high CTM (basal diet +2 g/bird/day CTM powder in tap water). Compared with control, medium CTM improved (P < 0.05) daily weight gain and ATTD of phosphorous, zinc, and copper in 12-month-old ostriches. Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio was lower, and ATTD of magnesium was higher in the medium- and high-CTM groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At the end of the trial, ostriches receiving high-CTM treatment exhibited the lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and higher copper levels compared to those of the control treatment. Supplementation of higher amounts of CTM (medium and high CTM) also increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05). No differences were detected for other blood parameters including glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, iron, magnesium, and glutathione peroxidase values. In conclusion, supplementation of CTM at the level of 1 g/bird/day to the drinking water can be recommended for improving growth performance, mineral absorption, and antioxidant status of ostriches fed diets containing the recommended levels of inorganic TM.

Advanced Chelate Technology Based Trace Minerals Improve Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, Tibia Characteristics, and Antioxidant Status in Broiler Chickens

“…Because feeding the diet supplemented with 100% of organic TM produced the higher Zn and Mn absorption than the use of 100% of inorganic forms in the current study, it can be said that providing the same levels of organic TM could lead to higher mineral retention. Several researchers have stated the low excretion of organic TM through the excreta and consequently their high retention rate in broilers [6,12], laying hens [25] and growing ostriches [15]. Based on the current results, it appears that lower supplementation of TM to 50% of the commercial level could improve the absorption of TM, without compromising the growth performance of broilers as previously mentioned.…”

“…A possible reason for this observation is that chelated form of TM may reduce the formation of complexes between P and other metal ions, and, therefore, increase P absorption in the ileum. Another possible reason to explain the greater AID of P might be the improvement in phytate P utilization due to organic acid released from CTM supplement [15], although the mechanism of action is not well-understood.…”

“…Similarly, replacing inorganic TM (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu from sulfates and Se from sodium selenite) by equivalent levels of organic TM (metal proteinates and selenium yeast product) improved hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD and GSH-Px activities in commercial pigs [32]. The antioxidant stress protection was stated to be effective only if there are adequate quantities of cofactors such as Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se available [15,33]. Organic Zn, Mn, and Cu have been reported to increase the synthesis of SOD [14,34], while organic Se previously enhanced GSH-Px activity [35,36], which is similar to our study.…”

“…Based on this technology, several organic acids are polymerized under a controlled condition, and during the polymerization, mineral elements are bonded on the basis of their a nity to the speci c organic acids used as chelating agents. To date, several forms of chelated mineral supplements have been developed for animal and poultry diets, and their e cacy has been con rmed in various studies (10,15,18). On the basis of advanced chelate technology, the Bonzachicken TM supplement has been precisely synthesized to cover all recommended TM requirements according to broiler nutrition guide.…”

Effect of Advanced Chelate Technology Based Trace Minerals on Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, Tibia Characteristics, and Antioxidant Status in Broiler Chickens

“…Currently, the preference of TM sources for poultry feed is based on their cost-bene t ratio, which leads nutritionists to include the least expensive source in diet formulation.However, some previous studies have demonstrated that, when using chelatedTM (CTM), dietary TM concentrations can be decreased because of their high bioavailability [11]. Even though CTM supplementation to broiler feed is not directly related to improved productive performance [6], a single or combination of organic mineralsin poultry feeds has been reported to exert multiple positive effects.For instance, organic TM supplementation resulted in decreased fecal mineralexcretion [9,12], improved bone mineralization and bone size traits [13], higher uric acid and lower blood malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration [1], and improved SOD and GSH-Px activities [14,15]. However, the use of several organic TM, including Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se, iodine (I), and chromium (Cr) synchronously replacing inorganic TM, and what kind of impact they will have on the growth rate and nutritional responses of commercial broiler chickens needs further investigation.…”