Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emission in weaning pigs fed high and low density diet with and without protected organic acid blends

Upadhaya, Santi Devi; Lee, Kwang Yong; Serpunja, Subin; Song, Tae Hwa; Kim, In Ho

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.013

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Among the in vivo studies that have evaluated the effect of MCFA administration on pathogens, some authors have described lower numbers of clostridia or E. coli [15, 16, 58–60], and also Salmonella [22]. These reported effects on the colonization of the gut by different pathogens could have been mediated by the direct activity of MCFA, but also indirectly, by changes promoted by these additives in the intestinal microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets

López-Colom

Castillejos

Rodríguez-Sorrento

et al. 2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundThe search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties, such as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) as in-feed additives. This study evaluated the potential of a novel blend of MCFA salts (DIC) from distilled coconut oil with a lauric acid content to reduce enteropathogens and control intestinal diseases around weaning. Two experimental disease models were implemented in early-weaned piglets, consisting of two oral challenges: Salmonella Typhimurium (1.2 × 108 CFU) or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 (1.5 × 109 CFU). The parameters assessed were: animal performance, clinical signs, pathogen excretion, intestinal fermentation, immune-inflammatory response, and intestinal morphology.ResultsThe Salmonella challenge promoted an acute course of diarrhea, with most of the parameters responding to the challenge, whereas the ETEC F4 challenge promoted a mild clinical course. A consistent antipathogenic effect of DIC was observed in both trials in the hindgut, with reductions in Salmonella spp. plate counts in the cecum (P = 0.03) on d 8 post-inoculation (PI) (Salmonella trial), and of enterobacteria and total coliform counts in the ileum and colon (P < 0.10) on d 8 PI (ETEC F4 trial). When analyzing the entire colonic microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), this additive tended (P = 0.13) to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriched Fibrobacteres after the Salmonella challenge. In the ETEC F4 challenge, DIC prompted structural changes in the ecosystem with increases in Dialister, and a trend (P = 0.14) to increase the Veillonellaceae family. Other parameters such as the intestinal fermentation products or serum pro-inflammatory mediators were not modified by DIC supplementation, nor were the histological parameters. Only the intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were lowered by DIC in animals challenged with Salmonella (P = 0.07). With ETEC F4, the IEL counts were higher with DIC on d 8 PI (P = 0.08).ConclusionsThis study confirms the potential activity of this MCFA salts mixture to reduce intestinal colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Salmonella or E. coli and its ability to modulate colonic microbiota. These changes could explain to some extent the local immune cell response at the ileal level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets

López-Colom

Castillejos

Rodríguez-Sorrento

et al. 2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…It has been indicated that weaning pigs fed the diets containing 0.328% lactic and 0.416% fumaric acids had lower of colon E. coli [52]. Fecal E. coli counts reduction during the first phase and the improvement of fecal Lactobacillus counts in the second phase of the trial were also observed from pigs that were fed with the diet supplemented with protected OAs [47,55]. In addition, Devi et al (2016) stated that protected OAs supplementation in sow's diet decreased E. coli counts and increased Lactobacillus population in the farrowing and weaning periods [58].…”

Section: Effect Of Organic Acids On Gut Microfloramentioning

confidence: 96%

Organic Acids Mixture as a Dietary Additive for Pigs—A Review

Nguyen

Seok

Kim

2020

Animals

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Due to the increasing safety concerns about the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in the environment, and the presence of chemical residues in animal products, using organic acids (OAs) to replace antibiotic in the diet of farm animals has increased considerably in recent years. It has been suggested that OAs could attribute to diverse elements such as antimicrobial activity, decreasing the pH of digesta particularly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), slowing feed transit in the GIT to maximize feed digestion and nutrient absorption, inducing enzyme secretion and activity in the small intestine, and providing nutrients to intestinal tissue. It has been reported that OAs mixture might be more effective than individual OAs due to the synergistic effects of different pKa values and have a broad-spectrum activity. In conclusion, this review showed that an OA mixture, which can improve nutrient digestibility and growth performance, modulate intestinal bacterial populations and improve gut health, as well as decreasing gas emission, can be used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. However, the results of OA mixtures are not always consistent, and the response to dietary OAs could be affected by the type of OAs, dosage, feed formula, and the age of animals. In this review, we will give an overview of the current use of OAs mixture in swine feed.

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“…In follow-up work, Upadhaya et al investigated how a combination of 40% organic acids (17% fumaric acid, 13% citric acid, 10% malic acid), 1.2% MCFAs (capric and caprylic acids), and 58.8% vegetable oil carrier affects the growth performance of weaning pigs [76]. The feed supplement was incorporated into the diet at 0.1% or 0.2%, and inclusion at the 0.2% dose led to improvements in ADG (P < 0.05), ADFI (P < 0.05), FCR (P < 0.05), and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05), as compared to an untreated control group.…”

Section: Mcfa and Organic Acid Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production: towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation

Jackman

Boyd

Elrod

2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

108

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Ongoing challenges in the swine industry, such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks (e.g., porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, African swine fever virus), have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions, including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens. The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production. The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented, and their effects on a wide range of production issues, such as growth performance, pathogenic infections, and gut health, are covered. The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described, along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies. Finally, we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission. Looking forward, we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.

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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emission in weaning pigs fed high and low density diet with and without protected organic acid blends

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets

Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets

Organic Acids Mixture as a Dietary Additive for Pigs—A Review

Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production: towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation

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