Growth, physiological and immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to different dietary inclusion levels of dehulled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)

Abstract

The utilization of dehulled lupin as a partial replacement for ®sh meal was studied in diets of rainbow trout. Fish were fed diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of dehulled lupin, at a daily feeding rate of 2% body weight for 8 weeks at 15 T 0.5°C. Growth performance generally decreased with increasing dehulled lupin in the diet (R 2 = 0.81, P < 0.0001). However, there was no signi®cant difference between 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% dehulled lupin fed groups. Feed conversion ratio generally increased at higher inclusion levels of dehulled lupin (R 2 = 0.74, P < 0.002). The protein ef®ciency ratio, protein productive value, lipid ef®ciency ratio and lipid productive value were similar in all groups but the energy ef®ciency ratio was signi®cantly lower (P < 0.01) in the 50% dehulled lupin fed group. Different treatments showed similar digestive enzyme activity, villus height, pyloric caeca and hepato somatic indexes. None of the nonspeci®c immune responses, with the exception of total plasma protein and neutrophils, was affected by different inclusion level of lupin. Results show that dehulled lupin can be included at up to 40% of a rainbow trout diet without a signi®cant effect on growth performance or nutrient utilization. Rainbow trout utilize dehulled lupin protein as ef®ciently as ®sh meal protein but have a lower ability to utilize the energy content of dehulled lupin at higher inclusion levels.

Feeding high inclusion of whole grain white lupin (Lupinus albus) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth, nutrient digestibility, liver and intestine histology and muscle fatty acid composition

“…In the case of dehulled lupin meal, Farhangi and Carter (2001) have observed that the increasing dietary inclusions of L. angustifolius can slightly shorten the villous height in rainbow trout. Glencross et al (2004) found no e¡ect of the dietary inclusion of yellow lupin (L. luteus) on the histology of the intestine in rainbow trout, even though the lupin fed ¢sh had gastrointestinal weights that were higher than those fed other plant ingredient.…”

“…This increase in gluconeogenesis has been related to the low carbohydrate digestibility (Brauge, Medale & Corraze 1994;Hemre et al 2002). Indeed, Farhangi and Carter (2001) suggested an increment in the glucogenic activity as the inclusion levels of lupin increased in the diet. However, in our experiment, the HSI was decreased by dietary treatments, and according to histological examination, no signi¢cant decline occurred in glycogen and lipids.…”

“…Incorporation of between 40% and 50% of lupin seed meal into diets for rainbow trout has been considered as the maximum level of inclusion in terms of growth and nutrient digestibility. Inclusion of lupin meal above this threshold can cause a drastic reduction in growth and increase lipid deposition (Burel et al 1998;Farhangi & Carter 2001). Similar to other plant proteins, inclusion of high amounts of lupin seed in salmonids feeds can a¡ect growth, feed intake and utilization of dietary nutrients due to the low content of lysine and methionine (Yanez, Ivanovic, Owen & Ballester 1983;Petterson, Sipsa & Mackintosh 1997), and also the presence of quinolizadine alkaloids and oligosaccharides (Francis, Makkar & Becker 2001;Krogdahl, Penn, Thorsen, Refstie & Bakke 2010).…”

“…Lupin seeds have been used successfully as a replacement for ¢sh meal in aquaculture feeds of salmonids and other marine ¢sh (De la Higuera, Garcia-Gallego, Sanz, Cardenete, Suarez & Moyano 1988;Robaina, Izquierdo, Moyano, Socorro, Vergara, Montero & Fernandezpalacios 1995;Burel, Boujard, Corraze, Kaushik, Boeuf, Mol, Van der Geyten & Kuhn 1998;Burel, Boujard, Kaushik, Boeuf,Van der Geyten, Mol, Kuhn, Quinsac, Krouti & Ribaillier 2000;Carter & Hauler 2000;Farhangi & Carter 2001;Aslaksen, Kraugerud, Penn, Svihus, Denstadli, Jorgensen, Hillestad, Krogdahl & Storebakken 2007;Glencross, Hawkins, Evans, Rutherford, Dods, McCa¡erty & Sipsas 2008). Incorporation of between 40% and 50% of lupin seed meal into diets for rainbow trout has been considered as the maximum level of inclusion in terms of growth and nutrient digestibility.…”

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…Besides the relatively high oligosaccharide content (Glencross et al, 2003a) and quinolizidine alkaloids , lupin species contain low levels of ANFs. Following dose-response studies, it has been estimated that sweet lupin kernel meal may be included in diets for rainbow trout up to 30 (Glencross et al, 2008a) or 40% (Farhangi and Carter, 2001) without significantly influencing growth and nutrient utilization. At 50% inclusion level, the maximum level tested (Farhangi and Carter, 2001), growth, feed conversion ratio, and energy efficiency ratio were negatively affected although trypsin and amylase activity in the pyloric caeca were not affected.…”