Growth, plasma biochemistry and immune-related gene expression of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed bioactive peptides from farmed salmon by-products

Parma, Luca; Busti, Serena; Ciulli, Sara; Volpe, Enrico; Errani, Francesca; Oterhals, Åge; Romarheim, Odd Helge; Aspevik, Tone; Dondi, Francesco; Gatta, Pier Paolo; Bonaldo, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738982

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A peptide fraction from salmon hydrolysate showed antiinflammatory activity in vitro by reducing the expression level of pro-inflammatory interleukins in macrophage cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (Ahn et al, 2012). Feeding 5% bioactive peptides from farmed Atlantic salmon to European sea bass also downregulated inflammatory responses in the intestine, but the anti-inflammatory effect was not seen at a 10% dietary inclusion level (Parma et al, 2023). Protein hydrolysates from shrimp and tilapia fed to European sea bass also showed a downregulation of interferon-related genes (Leduc et al, 2018) as seen in this study with salmon hydrolysate.…”

Section: Gene Expression By Rna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing fishmeal with salmon hydrolysate reduces the expression of intestinal inflammatory markers and modulates the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Sandbakken,

Su,

Johansen

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The feed legislation allows the use of fish protein hydrolysates in feed for the same species in which it came from, since enzymatic hydrolysis degrades the proteins and eliminates potential prions, which have caused disease in mammals, but not in fish. In this trial, we investigated the effects of partially replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) with salmon protein hydrolysate (FPH) on the intestinal gene expression and microbiota. Atlantic salmon post smolts were either fed a control diet containing 30% fishmeal (FM), a 20% FM diet with 9% salmon hydrolysate (FPH-09) or a 10% FM diet with 18% salmon hydrolysate (FPH-18), until doubling of weight. Gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing of pyloric caeca (PC), midgut (MG) and hindgut (HG) revealed a downregulation of immunological genes involved in inflammation in the intestine of FPH-18 fed salmon compared to salmon fed the FM control. The gene expression of paralogous peptide transporters (PepT) was analyzed by real time quantitative PCR in PC, anterior midgut (AMG), posterior midgut (PMG) and HG of salmon fed all the three diets. The PepT1b paralog had highest relative expression levels in PC and AMG, suggesting that PepT1b is most important for peptide uptake in the anterior intestine. PepT1a was also mainly expressed in the PC and AMG, but at lower levels than PepT1b and PepT2b in the AMG. The PepT2b paralog had high levels of expression in AMG, PMG and HG indicating that it contributed significantly to peptide uptake in the posterior part of the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota in the mucosa and digesta of the MG and HG, were dominated by the phyla Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, but also Firmicutes were present. The only dietary effect on the microbiota was the higher prevalence of the phyla Spirochaetes in the mucosa of FPH-18 fed salmon compared to the FM fed salmon. In conclusion, replacing FM with salmon hydrolysate reduced the expression of inflammatory markers in the Atlantic salmon intestine suggesting improved health benefits. The reduced inflammation may be related to the reduced FM content, potentially bioactive peptides in the hydrolysate and/or the altered gut microbial composition.

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Section: Gene Expression By Rna Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing fishmeal with salmon hydrolysate reduces the expression of intestinal inflammatory markers and modulates the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Sandbakken,

Su,

Johansen

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…At the end of the trial, condition factor (CF), viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and mesenteric fat index (MFI) were also obtained from 3 fish per tank. Concerning immunological parameters, at the beginning (T0, 9 fish in total), at the end of the feeding trial (T1, 6 animals' diet −1 ) and at the end of the suboptimal rearing conditions (T2, 6 animals' diet −1 ) fish were sampled to assess inflammatory and immune response gene expression of distal intestinal mucosa (1 cm before the rectum) (Busti et al, 2020;Pelusio et al, 2020;Parma et al, 2023). At the end of the feeding and suboptimal rearing conditions periods, samples of feces from distal intestine in 6 fish diet −1 were also individually collected and placed at −80°C for gut bacterial community characterisation (Parma et al, 2019).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast-extracted nucleotides and nucleic acids as promising feed additives for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

et al. 2023

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Nowadays functional ingredients have a significant potential for improving current low fish meal (FM) aquafeed formulation in sustaining growth and enhancing animal robustness for Mediterranean aquaculture. Among them, nucleotides (NT) and nucleic acids (NA) drew attention for their application in the last two decades. NT are organic molecules involved in many life-supporting pathways, and are the building blocks of NA, which stand as genetic repositories. NT are naturally present in organic ingredients, and among them FM is known to be one of the highest NT sources. When this NT source is seriously limited, fish might be under the minimum NT requirements, especially in fast growing life stages of carnivorous species. Hence, a trial on European sea bass juveniles was carried out, testing two dietary FM levels (FM10, FM20 as 10% and 20% FM, respectively) supplemented with 500 mg kg-1 yeast-originate NT or NA dose over 80 days. Thereafter, fish were exposed to one week of sub-optimal thermal and dissolved oxygen condition (30°C and 4.0 mg/L O2) to further explore the effect of NT and NA inclusion on immune response and gut microbiome alteration. At the end of the growth period NT increased feed intake at both FM dietary levels. FM20 combined with NA and NT further improved growth performance, enhancing lipid efficiency and increased anti-inflammatory TGF-β. After sub-optimal environmental conditions both NT and NA exerted prebiotic functions on gut microbiome by promoting beneficial lactic acid bacteria such as Weissella and Leuconostoc. At the same time NT in 10% FM diet increased the abundance of Bacillus taxon. In conclusion, the combination of NT/NA included at 500 mg kg-1 was able to promote growth when included in 20% FM level, assuming higher nutritional NT requirement when combined with 10% FM. On the other hand, NT/NA added in 10% FM upregulate proinflammatory IL-1β and favor beneficial gut bacterial taxa.

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“…The control diet (CTR) was formulated to resemble a commercial feed for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) (Table 1). Two experimental feed mixes were formulated with an exchange of the fishmeal with the experimental fish protein hydrolysate at 5% (BP5) and 10% (BP10) levels, respectively [21]. The composition of the fish protein hydrolysate is reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Feed Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have evaluated the biochemical functional properties of salmon muscle protein hydrolysate (and its respective peptides) [18][19][20] and there is growing industrial interest in the utilization of bioactive peptides (BPs) within the fish feed and pet food industry. Recently, in European seabass, the dietary inclusion levels of bioactive peptides from farmed Atlantic salmon have shown the possibility of an almost total replacement of fish meal in a plant-based diet in terms of growth and feed efficiency [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bioactive Peptides from Atlantic Salmon Processing By-Products on Oxyntopeptic and Enteroendocrine Cells of the Gastric Mucosa of European Seabass and Gilthead Seabream

Clavenzani,

Lattanzio,

Bonaldo

et al. 2023

Animals

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The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from salmon processing by-products on the presence and distribution of peptic cells (oxyntopeptic cells, OPs) and enteric endocrine cells (EECs) that contain GHR, NPY and SOM in the gastric mucosa of European seabass and gilthead seabream. In this study, 27 seabass and 27 seabreams were divided into three experimental groups: a control group (CTR) fed a control diet and two groups fed different levels of BP to replace fishmeal: 5% BP (BP5%) and 10% BP (BP10%). The stomach of each fish was sampled and processed for immunohistochemistry. Some SOM, NPY and GHR-IR cells exhibited alternating “open type” and “closed type” EECs morphologies. The BP10% group (16.8 ± 7.5) showed an increase in the number of NPY-IR cells compared to CTR (CTR 8.5 ± 4.8) and BP5% (BP10% vs. CTR p ≤ 0.01; BP10% vs. BP5% p ≤ 0.05) in the seabream gastric mucosa. In addition, in seabream gastric tissue, SOM-IR cells in the BP 10% diet (16.8 ± 3.5) were different from those in CTR (12.5 ± 5) (CTR vs. BP 10% p ≤ 0.05) and BP 5% (12.9 ± 2.5) (BP 5% vs. BP 10% p ≤ 0.01). EEC SOM-IR cells increased at 10% BP (5.3 ± 0.7) compared to 5% BP (4.4 ± 0.8) (5% BP vs. 10% BP p ≤ 0.05) in seabass. The results obtained may provide a good basis for a better understanding of the potential of salmon BPs as feed ingredients for seabass and seabream.

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Growth, plasma biochemistry and immune-related gene expression of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed bioactive peptides from farmed salmon by-products

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Replacing fishmeal with salmon hydrolysate reduces the expression of intestinal inflammatory markers and modulates the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Replacing fishmeal with salmon hydrolysate reduces the expression of intestinal inflammatory markers and modulates the gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Yeast-extracted nucleotides and nucleic acids as promising feed additives for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

Effects of Bioactive Peptides from Atlantic Salmon Processing By-Products on Oxyntopeptic and Enteroendocrine Cells of the Gastric Mucosa of European Seabass and Gilthead Seabream

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