GROWTH PROMOTING EFFECT OF SOME BIOTIN ANALOGUES FOR
            <i>CANDIDA ALBICANS</i>

Firestone, Bernice Y.; Koser, Stewart A.

doi:10.1128/jb.79.5.674-676.1960

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…C. albicans is a biotin auxotroph [ 16 , 17 ] and biotin is added routinely to all defined growth media for C. albicans [ 1 ]. We found that biotin, desthiobiotin, and KAPA were equivalent in fulfilling the biotin auxotrophy but pimelic acid was not (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, Phalip et al [ 15 ] found that S. cerevisiae required an external supply of KAPA, DAPA, desthiobiotin, or biotin while two earlier precursors, pimelic acid and pimeloyl-CoA, would not suffice. C. albicans is also a biotin auxotroph [ 16 ] and Firestone and Koser [ 17 ] found that this biotin auxotrophy could be fulfilled by biotin, desthiobiotin, biocytin, or oxybiotin. Usually, 100 nM biotin is sufficient for optimal growth of C. albicans [ 1 , 6 ] and we observed equivalent growth rates and growth levels at 30 °C in GPP supplemented with 10 to 5000 nM biotin [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biotin Auxotrophy and Biotin Enhanced Germ Tube Formation in Candida albicans

et al. 2016

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Due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients, infections with the pathogen Candida albicans have significantly increased in recent years. C. albicans transition from yeast to germ tubes is one of the essential factors for virulence. In this study we noted that Lee’s medium, commonly used to induce filamentation, contained 500-fold more biotin than needed for growth and 40-fold more biotin than is typically added to growth media. Thus, we investigated the effects of excess biotin on growth rate and filamentation by C. albicans in different media. At 37 °C, excess biotin (4 µM) enhanced germ tube formation (GTF) ca. 10-fold in both Lee’s medium and a defined glucose-proline medium, and ca. 4-fold in 1% serum. Two biotin precursors, desthiobiotin and 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA), also stimulated GTF. During these studies we also noted an inverse correlation between the number of times the inoculum had been washed and the concentration of serum needed to stimulate GTF. C. albicans cells that had been washed eight times achieved 80% GTF with only 0.1% sheep serum. The mechanism by which 1–4 µM biotin enhances GTF is still unknown except to note that equivalent levels of biotin are needed to create an internal supply of stored biotin and biotinylated histones. Biotin did not restore filamentation for any of the four known filamentation defective mutants tested. C. albicans is auxotrophic for biotin and this biotin auxotrophy was fulfilled by biotin, desthiobiotin, or KAPA. However, biotin auxotrophy is not temperature dependent or influenced by the presence of 5% CO2. Biotin starvation upregulated the biotin biosynthetic genes BIO2, BIO3, and BIO4 by 11-, 1500-, and 150-fold, respectively, and BIO2p is predicted to be mitochondrion-localized. Based on our findings, we suggest that biotin has two roles in the physiology of C. albicans, one as an enzymatic cofactor and another as a morphological regulator. Finally, we found no evidence supporting prior claims that C. albicans only forms hyphae at very low biotin (0.1 nM) growth conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotin Auxotrophy and Biotin Enhanced Germ Tube Formation in Candida albicans

et al. 2016

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“…Biotin is required for cell growth and fatty acid metabolism because it is used as a cofactor for carboxylases, and C. albicans is naturally auxotrophic for biotin 25 . Previous papers have indicated that many strains of C. albicans and related species in the genus Candida require biotin for growth 26 , 27 , and that a few strains or mutants of the other species are auxotrophic for biotin 28 - 30 . On the other hand, there is one paper which suggested that biotin has no influence on Candida during the first 30 hours of growth 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Biotin to Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Without Lipid Accelerates the Growth of Candida albicans

2016

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Background: We have previously demonstrated that Candida albicans requires multivitamins (MVs) or lipid to increase rapidly in parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. In this study, in detail, the effects of vitamins on the growth of C. albicans in PN solutions without lipid were investigated. Methods: In the 1st experiment, a commercial PN solution without lipid was supplemented with water-soluble vitamins (SVs: vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 and C, folic acid, nicotinamide, biotin and panthenol), water-insoluble vitamins (IVs: vitamins A, D, E and K) or both (MVs). In the 2nd experiment, the test solutions were prepared by supplementing the PN solution with one of each or all of the SVs. In the 3rd experiment, another commercial peripheral PN (PPN) solution without lipid was supplemented with SVs, nicotinic acid, biotin or both nicotinic acid and biotin. In each of the experiments, a specified number of C. albicans organisms was added to each test solution, and all of the test solutions were allowed to stand at room temperature (23-26ºC). The number of C. albicans was counted at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the addition of the organism. Results: In the 1st experiment, the C. albicans increased rapidly in the PN solution supplemented with the SVs, but increased slowly without the SVs, regardless of the addition of the IVs. In the 2nd experiment, the C. albicans increased rapidly in the PN solution supplemented with the SVs or biotin, but increased slowly with each of the other water-soluble vitamins. In the 3rd experiment, the C. albicans increased rapidly in the PPN solution supplemented with the SVs or biotin, but increased slowly with the addition of nicotinic acid. Conclusions: These results suggested that adding MVs or SVs to PN solutions without lipid promotes the growth of C. albicans, and that this effect is mostly attributable to biotin.

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“…Most strains of the genus Candida do not grow in a glucose-ammonium-inorganic salts medium (GASM) unless they are supplemented by yeast extract. Vitamin-requirement studies show that C. albicans is completely deficient for biotin (9,13,14,23,24,26,34,42,43,56,57,60,61,95) and partially deficient for thiamine; that is, thiamine has an additive effect, enhancing growth (13,14,34,42,57,60,61,95). Koser et al (34) found pantothenic acid to be required or stimulatory for three strains of C. albicans.…”

Section: Candidamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koser et al (34) found pantothenic acid to be required or stimulatory for three strains of C. albicans. Various biotin analogues replace biotin, including biocytin, Nbiotinyl-f3-alanine, N-biotinyl-L-aspartic ethyl ester, desthiobiotin, biotin-D-sulfoxide, homobiotin, and oxybiotin; aspartic acid partially replaces biotin, and biotin sulfone, biotin diamine sulfate, biotinol, and norbiotin show little activity (26,42).…”

Section: Candidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition of systemic and subcutaneous pathogenic fungi.

Gilardi¹

1965

Bacteriological Reviews

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GROWTH PROMOTING EFFECT OF SOME BIOTIN ANALOGUES FOR CANDIDA ALBICANS

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Biotin Auxotrophy and Biotin Enhanced Germ Tube Formation in Candida albicans

Biotin Auxotrophy and Biotin Enhanced Germ Tube Formation in Candida albicans

Adding Biotin to Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Without Lipid Accelerates the Growth of Candida albicans

Nutrition of systemic and subcutaneous pathogenic fungi.

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